FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
103 
of eye; gill-opening small, its direction obliquely forward toward nape; a series of 4 pores on each side 
of upper jaw; similar pores on lower jaw. Origin of dorsal fin on nape midway between gill-opening 
and middle of eye; dorsal fin well developed, its greatest height somewhat exceeding length of snout; 
anal similar to dorsal, but lower. 
Color in alcohol, rich velvety black above, paler below where it is marbled and reticulated with 
narrow white lines; series of pores on side of upper jaw and those on tip of lower, white; cheek with 
a few irregular white spots; gill-opening whitish; side of body anteriorly with some small white 
specks and irregular whitish markings; lower jaw with larger, oblong, white cross-lines; dorsal fin rich 
brownish black, the edge posteriorly with a narrow, irregular, white border, sometimes interrupted 
by black; anal brown, with a narrow white edge from which extend narrow intrusions of white, 
some reaching base of fin; end of tail with a few small white spots, the tip narrowly white. 
The only known example of this species is the type, No. 50618, U. S. Nat. Mus. (field No. 04902), 
a specimen 9.5 inches long, obtained at Hilo, Hawaii. 
Gy mnothorax hilonis Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Apr. 1], 1903), 167, Hilo. 
61. Gymnothorax nuttingi Snyder. Plate 15, fig. 1. 
Head, measured from tip of snout to gill-opening, 6.9 in length, 3.6 in head and trunk, 3.3 in tail; 
depth 2 in head; cleft of mouth 2.2; snout 5.2. Snout rounded, jaws equal, closing completely; lips 
very thick; teeth in a single series, firmly embedded, close-set, largest below middle of snout, growing 
gradually smaller posteriorly, basal halves with finely serrated edges; no median fangs; vomer with 
very short, blunt teeth; eye on a vertical passing midway between tip of snout and corner of mouth; 
distance between eyes 1.35 in snout; anterior nostril tube 2 in eye; posterior nostril located above 
and just anterior to margin of eye, its opening with a low rim; gill-opening a narrow slit equal to 
vertical diameter of eye, situated on a level with pupil; origin of dorsal on a vertical anterior to 
gill-opening a distance equal to length of snout, the membrane fleshy, though not greatly thickened; 
height in region of vent equal to length of snout; anal inserted immediately behind vent, its height 
near middle of tail equal to diameter of orbit; tail not slender and pointed, but rather stubby, the dor- 
sal, caudal, and anal forming a bluntly rounded terminal fin. 
Color in spirits browm, covered with white spots, those on head minute and close together, 
scarcely discernible on snout and end of lower jaw; spots on the body larger and more elongate, 
growing round on tail, where their diameter is about equal to half thatof pupil; gill-opening and corner 
of mouth brown; dorsal spotted like tail, the spots on edge of fin elongate, narrow, and close together, 
coalescing posteriorly to form a white border; anal spotted, with a white border. 
The species is represented by a single individual 31 inches long, obtained in the Honolulu market. 
Of the spotted Hawaiian eels this species can only be confused with Gymnothorax goldsboroiujlii , 
which may be distinguished at a glance by its slender, pointed tail, the larger, circular spots, and dark 
throat-patch, which are its most striking characters. 
Gymnothorax nullingi Snyder, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Jan. 19, 1904), 518, pi. 4, fig. 7, Honolulu. (Type, No, 
50866, U. S. Nat. Mus.) 
62. Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl). “ JPuhi kapa’u.” Plate 19. 
Head 2.75 in trunk; head and trunk about equal to tail; eye a little over 2 in snout, 1.3 in 
interorbital space; mouth 3; snout 5.5 in head; interorbital space 9.5. 
Body rather thick, roundly compressed; tail tapering rather thickly posteriorly; head compressed, 
somewhat swollen above, pointed in front; snout rather long and pointed, tip somewhat blunt; eye 
small, about midway between tip of snout and corner of mouth; mouth large, horizontal, closing, 
teeth concealed by the thick lips, snout projecting slightly beyond mandible; teeth powerful, in a 
single series in jaws, directed backward; teeth on vomer rounded; anterior nostrils in short tubes; 
posterior nostrils above eye in front; interorbital space convex; skin tough, thick, a number of pores 
on head; no lateral line; origin of dorsal in last fifth of space between corner of mouth and gill-opening; 
dorsal rather high; caudal short and rounded. 
Color in life (No. 03394), light olive dusted with black, the spots forming marblings posteriorly; 
no black on gill-opening; no dark or light edge on dorsal fin; a slight pale margin on anal; belly pale; 
no black at angle of mouth. 
