FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
121 
81. Doryrhamphus pleurotsenia (Gunther). Fig. 37. 
D. 25; osseous ring's 18+14; edge of each ring terminating in a slightly prominent spine; lateral 
line continuous, passing into the lower caudal edge; snout with denticulated ridges; operculum with 
a slightly oblique raised line, below which are several other radiating keels; snout shorter than 
remaining portion of head; interorbital space concave, the supraorbital ridge being raised but scarcely 
serrated; vent behind middle of dorsal fin, equidistant from root of pectoral and snout; distance of 
snout from vent 1.16 inches; distance of vent from end of caudal 0.75 inch. Color light grayish, with 
a brownish-black band from snout along the middle of body and caudal fin. Off Honolulu, 18 fathoms. 
(Gunther.) A specimen was obtained by the Albatross at Honolulu in 1902. 
Fig. 37. — Doryrhamphus pleurotsenia (Gunther); after Gunther. 
Our single specimen of this species was lost. The color note taken in the field is as follows: Color 
in life (No. 03553) with a reddish-brown lateral band from tip of snout through eye to base of caudal, 
other parts of body olivaceous brown; white band on top of snout from tip to forehead; 2 red spots 
on each side of snout a short distance behind the angles of mouth ; pectoral, dorsal, and anal transparent; 
caudal brilliantly colored, dusky orange with brown, margin lemon-yellow. 
Doryiclithyspleurotxnia Gunther, Challenger Rept., Zool., I, part VI, Shore Fishes, 62, pi. XXVI, fig. D, 1879 (1880), off 
Honolulu; Snyder, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Jan. 19, 1904), 523 (Honolulu). 
Genus 68. ICHTHYOCAMPUS Kaup. 
Head short, with a shorter, compressed, sharp-ridged snout; orbits slightly projecting; operculum 
round, swollen, higher than broad, and grained like the head; tail almost as thick as the body and sud- 
denly pointed at the setting on of the very rudimentary caudal fin; anus situated under the beginning 
of the dorsal fin; the edges of the concave back coalesce with those of the tail into one line which runs 
without interruption to the caudal fin; egg-pouch of male under the tail. A single species of this genus 
is known from the Hawaiian Islands. (See Section II.) 
Ichthyocampus Kaup, Wieg. Archiv, XIX, 1853, 231 ( Syngnathus carce); Kaup, Cat. Lophobranchii, 29, 1856. 
Order K. SYNENTOGNATHI. — The Synentognathous 
Fishes. 
Lower pharyngeal bones fully united; second and third superior pharyngeals variously enlarged, 
not articulated to the cranium, sending processes forward, the fourth small or fused with the third; 
vertebrae numerous (45 to 70), the abdominal ones much more numerous than the caudal; ventral 
fins abdominal, without spine, the rays more than 5; scapula suspended to cranium by a post- 
temporal bone, which is slender and furcate; articular bone of lower jaw with a small supplemental 
bone perhaps corresponding to the coronoid bone; parietal bones much produced, well separated by 
the supraoccipital; supraclavicle not distinct; no interclavicles; no mesocoracoid; maxillary very 
close to premaxillary and sometimes firmly joined to it, the suture always distinct; basis of cranium 
double in front, but without muscular tube; no adipose fin; fins without spines; lateral line concur- 
rent with the belly, peculiar in structure; air-bladder usually large, without pneumatic duct; intesr 
tinal tract simple, without pyloric coeca. This order is allied to the Haplomi on the one hand and to the 
Percesoces on the other, and like these groups, it marks the transition from the soft-rayed to the spiny- 
rayecl fishes. In their anatomical characters the Synentognathi most resemble the latter, but there are 
never spines in the fins, and the lower pharyngeals are united. The group is divisible into 4 closely 
related families, w r hich have usually been regarded as subfamilies of one family, Exoccetidse or 
Scomberesocidx. 
