FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
135 
Body elongate, the sides compressed and flattened; head subconic, the sides constricted below; 
snout blunt, rounded and short; eye large, impinging upon the upper profile of the head, and also with 
its posterior margin a little behind the center of its length; mouth nearly terminal, small, oblique, the 
small maxillary reaching about below nasal cavity, the mandible included; teeth minute in jaws, none 
on vomer or palatines; tongue smooth, not broad, rounded and free in front; nasal cavity small, near 
front of eye above, and with a well developed fleshy flap; interorbital space broad, concave in the 
middle; about 13 gillrakers developed, the longest nearly a third the length of the eye, compressed 
and pointed; peritoneum pale; scales rather large, cycloid, and each with several striae, at least on 
the sides; lateral line running along the lower part of the body, falling short of base of caudal by 
several scales, behind anal fin; origin of dorsal a little nearer base of pectoral than tip of upper caudal 
lobe and a little in advance of anus; anal originating below middle of dorsal, similar to dorsal with 
the anterior rays elevated; caudal deeply forked, the lower lobe much the longer; pectoral very long, 
falling a little short of base of caudal; ventrals nearer base of caudal than base of pectoral, and reach- 
ing back nearly to the posterior base of anal; caudal peduncle rather deep, much compressed. 
Color in life (No. 03421 ) with top of head and upper parts of body reddish purple, lower parts white; 
membranes of pectoral covered with numerous minute black dots, upper side of rays purplish; outer 
edge of soft dorsal black; ventrals and anal colorless. One specimen (No. 03424) has a large black 
area on dorsal fin, the fin itself bright; top of head and body blue, ends silvery; belly white; caudal 
dusky; no spots on pectoral, upper surface bright purple; ventrals transparent. Other specimens 
were dark blue above, silvery below with blue reflections; pectoral purple. One (No. 03542) from 
Honolulu had very large black spots on pectoral. 
Color in alcohol, brownish above, the lower surface whitish washed with silvery; dorsal, caudal, 
and pectorals brownish; ventrals and anal whitish. Color in life, dark blue above, silvery below 
with blue reflections; pectoral purplish, usually with many large round black spots. 
This description from an example (No. 02945) 12 inches long, taken at Honolulu. Of this species 
we have 21 examples taken at Honolulu, and we have examined 15 examples taken at the same place 
by Dr. Jenkins in 1889. Specimens were obtained by the Albatross at Honolulu; Waimeaand Hana- 
maula Bay, Kauai; and Napili, Molokai. The maximum length of this species is about 14 inches. This 
is the common flying fish seen in thousands in the sea about Honolulu. 
Exoccetus simus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIX, 105, 1816, Hawaiian Islands. 
Exoccetus neglectus Sleeker, Ned. Tydsch. Dierk., Ill, 1865, 112, Sumatra; Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 1900, 
512 (Honolulu). 
Cypsilurus simus , Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 435 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19. 
1904), 522 (Honolulu; Kauai; Molokai). 
