138 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION- 
96. Atherina insularum Jordan & Evermann. Fig. 47. 
Head 4 in length; depth 4.75; eye3inhead; snout4; interorbital 2.8; maxillary 2.5; mandible 2.2; 
D. vi-i, 11; A. 17; scales 46, 6 rows from anterior base of anal upward and forward to spinous dorsal. 
Body oblong, compressed; head triangular, the sides compressed, top flat; mouth large, oblique, 
maxillary reaching front of pupil, lower jaw included; teeth in rather broad villiform bands on jaws, 
vomer, and palatines; interorbital space very broad and flat; snout broad, truncate; origin of spinous 
dorsal slightly posterior to vertical at vent, slightly nearer tip of snout than base of caudal; longest 
dorsal spine about 2.4 in head, reaching nearly to vertical at front of anal; distance between spinous 
and soft dorsals equal to distance from tip of snout to middle of pupil; edge of soft dorsal concave, 
anterior rays somewhat produced, their length 1.9 in head; last dorsal ray about one-half longer than 
one preceding; base of soft dorsal 1.8 in head; origin of anal considerably in advance of that of soft 
dorsal, the fins similar, anterior rays about 1.7 in head, base of anal 1.3 in head; caudal widely forked, 
the lobes equal; ventral short, barely reaching vent; pectoral short, broad, and slightly falcate, its 
length about 1.4 in head; scales large, thin, and deep, 19 in front of spinous dorsal, 6 rows between 
the dorsals and 9 on median line of caudal peduncle. 
Color when fresh, clear olive-green with darker edges to scales; lateral stripe steel-blue above, 
fading into the silvery belly; fins uncolored. 
Color in alcohol, olivaceous above, silvery on sides and below; scales of back and upper part of 
side with numerous small round coffee-brown specks, disposed chiefly on the edges, median line of 
back with a darkish stripe; middle of side with a broad silvery band, plumbeous above, especially 
anteriorly, more silvery below; top of head and snout with numerous dark brownish or black specks; 
side of head silvery, opercle somewhat dusky, sides and tip of lower jaw dusky; dorsals and caudal 
somewhat dusky, other tins pale; pectoral without dark tip. 
This small fish is common inside the reef in shallow bays everywhere in the Hawaiian Islands. 
Many individuals were seen off the wharf at Lahaina on Maui. Our collections of 1901 contain 20 
specimens from Kailua, from 1.5 to 3.5 inches long; 43 from Hilo, 1.5 to 2.25 inches long; and 1 from 
Honolulu, 2.25 inches in length. Numerous specimens were obtained by the Albatross at Honolulu in 
1902, one of which is taken as our type and three others as cotypes. 
Type, No. 50819, U. S. N. M., 4.25 inches long, obtained by the Albatross at Honolulu. Cotypes, 
No. 2741, U. 8. F. C., 3.9 inches long; No. 2302, -Am. Mus. Nat. ITist., 3.9 inches long; and No. 4063, 
Field Col. Mus., 3.5 inches long, all collected at Honolulu by the Albatross. 
Atherina insularum Jordan & Evermann, Ball. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Apr. 11, 1903), 170, Honolulu (Kailua; Hilo), 
Jenkins, op. cit. (Sept. 23, 1903), 437 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 1901), 523 (Laysan Island, Albatross 
stations 3S34, 3860, 3870, and 3905). 
Family XLIV. MUGILIDtE. — T he Mullets. 
Body oblong, more or less compressed, covered with rather large cycloid scales; no lateral line, but 
the furrows often deepened on the middle of each scale so as to form lateral streaks; mouth small, the 
jaws with small teeth, or none, the teeth various in form; premaxillaries protractile; gill-openings 
