FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
147 
Genus 89. HOLOTRACHYS Gunther. 
This genus is close to My ripristis, from which it differs in the small, very rough scales and in the 
projecting lower jaw, which fits in a deep notch in the upper jaw. 
Holotrachys Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, I, 93, I’l. LXIII, fig. A, 1874 (lima). 
Harpage De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 1884, 447 (rosea). 
103. Holotrachys lima (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Plate IV. 
Head 2.6 in length; depth 2.5; eye 3.5 in head (4.3 in an example 6 inches long); snout 5.5; inter- 
orbital 5.5; maxillary 1.65; D. xn, 15; longest dorsal spine 2.4 in head; A. iv, 11; longest anal spine 
3.1; scales 5-42 (40 to 42)-8. 
Body oblong, compressed; dorsal outline evenly arched from tip of snout to base of soft caudal; 
ventral outline almost straight; head subconic, compressed; mouth large, nearly horizontal; jaws 
equal, a knob at tip of lower fitting into a depression in upper, the bony portion of preorbital slightly 
overhanging lip; blunt, conic, pavement-like teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; tongue broad, free 
anteriorly, rounded and rather thin on anterior and thin portion; eye high, anterior; maxillary long, 
reaching beyond eye, its broadest part nearly equaling diameter of eye; gillrakers 11— (-8, longest half 
diameter of eye, finely serrate; fourth and fifth dorsal spines longest; soft dorsal rays of nearly equal 
length; caudal slightly forked; soft anal rounded; posterior edges of pectoral and ventral nearly equal; 
lateral line slightly arched anteriorly, thence obliquely downward to middle of caudal peduncle, across 
the middle of which it extends to base of caudal fin; edges of scales very rough, each scale with many 
rather long sharp spines, these longer on scales on posterior part of body. 
Color in life (No. 03164) upper parts of head and body bright rock-candy red, becoming paler on 
side; under parts pale rosy white, edges of scales darkest, forming red lines; membranes of spinous 
dorsal blood-red, the spines white; soft dorsal, caudal, and anal bright red; anal spines white; pectoral 
and ventrals paler rosy; iris blood-red, with yellow blotches. 
Color in alcohol, grayish-yellow, fins all pale. 
This species is a very common market fish at Honolulu and Hilo, and was also obtained by us at 
Kailua, by the Albatross at Honolulu and Laysan Island, and by Doctor Jordan at Samoa, where it 
was found to be a common fish. Our numerous specimens range in length from 4 to 7.5 inches. //. 
rosea from the South Sea Islands is probably H. lima. 
Myripristis lima Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 493, 1831, lie de France; Gunther, Cat., I, 28, 1859 (copied). 
Myripristis liumilis Kner & Steindachner, Stiz. Ale. Wiss. Wien, LIV, 1866,, 357, pi. 1, tig. 1, Samoa. 
Myripristis ( Holotrachys ) lima , Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, III, 93, pi. 63, fig. A, 1874 (Mauritius; Kingsmill; Samoa; Society: 
Hawaiian Islands). 
Myripristis (Holotrachis) fima, Steindachner, Denks, Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX. 492, 1900 (Honolulu). 
Holotrachys lima, Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept, 23, 1903), 439 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 
1904), 523 (Honolulu; Laysan Island). 
Genus 90. OSTICHTHYS (Langsdorf) Jordan & Evermann. 
This genus is closely related to Myripristis, differing especially in the very rough surface of the 
large scales. The opercular spine is usually elongate and rough edged. Holotrachys, another genus 
with similarly rough scales, differs from Ostichthys in having the scales very much smaller, about 
40 to 45 in the lateral line, instead of 29 as in Ostichthys. 
Ostichthys Langsdorf MS., Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 173, 1829 ( japonicus ); name only, passing reference. 
Ostichthys J or dan & Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., I, 846, 1896 (japonicus). 
104. Ostichthys pillwaxii (Steindachner). Fig. 52. 
Head 2.45 in length; depth 2.5; eye 3.75 in head; snout 3.75; maxillary 1.9; interorbital 7.3; 
D. xir, 14, A. iv, 11; scales 4-29-6; Br. 7; gillrakers short, blunt, about 7+5. 
Body oblong, compressed; dorsal outline somewhat more arched than ventral, in a long, low 
curve from nape to origin of soft dorsal, thence descending abruptly to caudal peduncle; ventral out- 
line straighter; base of anal abruptly ascending to caudal peduncle; head very large and rugose, 
mouth very large, the maxillary reaching posterior edge of pupil; supplemental maxillary very broad; 
