FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
155 
upper jaw with a shallow notch roughened at its outer edges; jaws equal, lower fitting into the notch 
of upper and with 2 patches of strong blunt tootli-like tubercles at its tip; eye large, its middle above 
level of tip of upper jaw; interorbital space wide and slightly convex; 2 low, nearly parallel median 
ridges from tip of snout to nape, diverging slightly at their middle, another low ridge from above orbit 
backward to nape, and another backward around orbit; ridges on nape divergent; suborbital narrow, 
dentate on both edges; opercular bones all striate and dentate at the edges; opercle. with a short, flat, 
triangular spine; scales large, rough, striate near the edges, which are finely toothed; a series of 4 or 
5 large modified scales across nape, and a series of triangular scales along bases of dorsal and anal; 
about 10 scales in front of dorsal; origin of dorsal about over lower base of pectoral; dorsal spines 
slender, the first 3.2 in head, third and fourth longest, about equal to orbit; interval between dorsals 
very short; anterior dorsal rays somewhat produced, their length equal to snout and eye; edge of fin 
concave, last rays nearly 3, or equal to pupil; anal spines graduated, the first very small, second short 
but stout, third much longer and stoutest, its length 1.3 in eye, fourth still longer and more slender; 
anterior anal rays produced, their length about equal to that of longest dorsal rays, free edge of fin 
concave; caudal evenly forked, the lobes equal to length of head; pectoral long and pointed, reaching 
beyond tips of vent.rals, about 1.3 in head; ventrals shorter, 1.6 in head, their tips equally distant 
between their bases and that of first anal ray. 
Color in alcohol, pale yellowish-white, brightest above, more silvery on side and belly; opercular 
bones with fine round brownish specks; edge of opercle not black, scarcely dusky; axil dusky inside 
but not showing above fin; fins pale yellowish-white without any dark on edges. 
Type, No. 50631, U. S. N. M. (field No. 04829), a fine specimen 9.5 inches long, obtained by us at 
Hilo, Hawaii. 
M. argyromus is related to M. berndti , but is distinguished by the more slender body, the absence 
of black on the opercle, and the paler axil. It does not appear to be abundant and is represented in 
our collections by only 8 specimens, ranging in length from 6.5 to 9 inches. All but the type are from 
Honolulu. 
Myripristis argyromus Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Apr. 11, 1903), 172, Hilo. 
Genus 92. FLAMMEO Jordan & Evermann. 
This genus is distinguished by the very large mouth and projecting chin. The lower jaw is con- 
siderably more than half length of head, and the chin projects beyond upper jaw. In the species 
properly referable to Holocentrus, the lower jaw is slightly projecting or included and its length is less 
than one-half the head. Renewed comparison of the varied forms seems to show that Flammeo should 
be regarded as a subgenus of Holocentrus. 
Flammeo Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., Ill, 2871, 1898 (marianus) . 
a. Color in life, dull crimson brown or maroon, side with 10 more or less distinct dark stripes; in alcohol, 
silvery with distinct dark stripes sammara, p. 155 
aa. Color in life, red, paler on sides, side with 10 to 12 narrow yellow stripes; in alcohol, pale, without stripes 
scythrops, p. 157 
112. Flammeo sammara (Forskal). Fig. 56. 
Head 2.75 in length; depth 3.25; eye 3.75 in head (3 to 3.75) ; snout 4.5; interorbital 4.2; maxillary 
2.6; D. xi, 12, longest dorsal spine 2.2 in head, ray 2.2; A. iv, 8, longest spine 1.6 in head; pectoral 
ray 2; ventral ray 1.9; scales 4—38 to 44-6; opercular spines 2, about equal, rather short; preopercular 
spine short. 
Body oblong, compressed, very spindle-shaped in large examples; dorsal outline arched from tip 
of snout to caudal peduncle; ventral outline less arched than dorsal, not so marked in small examples; 
head subconic, compressed; mouth large, nearly horizontal; lower jaw prominent, produced, its pro- 
duced tip forming a straight line with anterior part of head; each jaw, vomer, and palatines with 
blunt, or slightly conic, close-set, rather pavement-like teeth, 1 on tongue; tongue long, narrow, 
rounded, the long, narrow anterior part and sides, free; maxillary extending to anterior edge of pupil 
in large examples, nearly to posterior edge in small ones; eye high, anterior; interorbital flat; first 
dorsal spine two-thirds second, the third the longest, tapering evenly from it to the last, which is one- 
half the first; third soft dorsal longest; caudal evenly forked; fourth anal spine three-fourths of third, 
the latter sheathed, its upper part almost hidden in the latter when fin is depressed. 
