FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
161 
Holocentrum microstoma Gunther, Cat., I, 34, 1859, Amboyna; Gunther, Fisehe der Stidsee, IV, 98, 1875 (Amboyna; Samoa; 
Tonga; Society: Hawaiian; Kingsmill; Hervey, and Paumotu islands). 
Holocentru s microstoma, Seale, Occas. Pap. Bishop Mus., 1, No. 3, 70, 1901 (Guam). 
Holocentrus microstomas, Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 410 (Honolulu). 
116. Holocentrus spinifer (Forskal). Plate VIII. 
Head 3 in length; depth 2.4; eye 4.7 in head; snout 3.4; maxillary 2.6; mandible 2; interorbital 
6.4; D. xi, 16; A. iv, 11; P. i, 14; V. i, 7; scales 5-46-8. 
Body rather elongate, deep, compressed, back elevated; head moderate, compressed, pointed, 
upper profile straight from tip of snout to occiput; snout long, pointed, its upper profile straight; lower 
profile of head nearly straight; eye small, high, its posterior margin about midway in length of head; 
mouth large, oblique, the mandible slightly projecting; maxillary broad distally, its width at that point 
1.5 in eye; lips large, thick, papillose; teeth fine, in broad bands in jaws; tongue elongate, pointed, 
free in front; postorbital very narrow, preorbital broad with 2 strong spines, 3 small serrations in 
between; nasal bone with strong spine in front; bones on head all more or less serrate; margin of 
preopercle coarsely serrate, ending in a long strong spine below, reaching well beyond gill-opening and 
furnished with a thin flap; operclewith 2 strong spines, upper longer; nasal aperture very large and 
deep, with a small aperture in front; interorbital space flattened, rather narrow; gill-opening large, gill- 
rakers rather small, short, few in number; gill-filaments and pseudobranch iae moderately long; anterior 
dorsal spines longest, first 2.9 in head, second 2.1, third 2, last 8.5; anterior rays longest, first ray 2.7, 
second 1.9, third 1.8, last 5; third anal spine very large, strong, 2 in head, third 2.35; soft anal similar 
to soft dorsal, first ray 1.8, third 2, last 6.5; caudal rather small, lobes broad, rounded, pointed; caudal 
peduncle compressed, elongate, its length 1.8, depth 3; pectoral rather small, 1.5 in head, pointed; ven- 
tral long, pointed 1.5, spine 2.3; rudimentary caudal spines 4, graduated, sharp pointed. 
Color in life, bright red, each scale with central area of pearly gray with red; spinous dorsal rich 
vermilion, tinged with yellow; other fins yellowish red; caudal bordered posteriorly with yellow; 
3 large scales behind eye and narrow area behind these dark red; axil of pectoral, and spot on under 
face of base of pectoral dark red. 
Color in alcohol, yellowish white; spinous dorsal yellowish; other fins pale. 
We have 2 specimens of this species (No. 02554, 9.75 inches long, and No. 03437, 15 inches long), 
both from Honolulu. It is common at Samoa. 
Scisena spinifer a Forskal, Descr. Anim., 49, 1775, Red Sea. 
Holocentrum leo Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 204, 1829, Society Islands; Waigiou; Moluccas; Seychelles; 
Lesson, Voyage Coquille, XII, 222, 1830 (South Sea; Borabora; Waigiou); Cuvier, Regne Animal, Ed. II, 150, pi. 14 
fig. 1, 1829; Bleeker, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., VII, 1854, 355 (Cocos Islands) ; Quoy & Gaimard, Voyage Astrolabe, Poiss., 
678, pi. 14, fig. 3, 1834 (Vanikoro); Bleeker; Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Neerl., VI, 1859, 2 Enumeratio. 
Holocentrum spiniferum, Gunther, Cat., I, 39, 1859 (Louisiade Archipelago, part); Gunther, Fisehe der Stidsee, III, 94, 1874 
(Vavau; New Hebrides; Solomon Islands; in part). 
Holocentrus leo, Smith & Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 125 (Johnston Island); Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 
1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 441 (Hawaiian Islands). 
Holocentrus spinifer, Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1899, 483 (Thornton Island); not Holocentrum spiniferum of Cuvier A 
Valenciennes and of Sauvage, which is II. caudimaculatus. 
117. Holocentrus erythraeus Gunther. Fig. 59. 
Head 3 in length; depth 2.7; eye 4.5 in head; snout 4; maxillary 2.2; mandible 1.8; interorbital 
5; D. xi-16; A. iv, 10; P. i, 13; V. i, 7; scales 4-48-7. 
Body elongate, compressed, deep, greatest depth about middle of belly; head compressed, pointed, 
upper and lower profiles straight; snout short, pointed; eye small, high, its posterior margin well 
before middle of length of head, not impinging upon upper profile; mouth rather large, oblique, 
mandible slightly projecting; maxillary broadly expanded distally, 1.4 in eye, reaching beyond pos- 
terior margin of pupil; supplemental maxillary large, teeth minute, crowded, in bands in jaws; lips 
thick, fleshy, papillose; suborbital ridge rather narrow, with 2 very strong short spines; 2 short nasal 
spines; posterior nagal cavity very large; interorbital space broad, flattened; margin of preopercle 
finely serrate, with a long pointed spine below; opercle with 2 spines, upper larger but not much 
longer; gill-opening large, filaments coarse, and pseudobranchiae rather long; gillrakers rather short, 
thick, compressed, not as long as filaments, and in moderate number; dorsal spines rather low, first 
F. C. B. 1903—11 
