FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
187 
Genus 111. TRACHUROPS Gill. The Big-eyed Scads. 
This genus is close to Carangus, differing in the more elongate form, and especially in the structure 
of the shoulder-girdle, which has a deep cross furrow at its junction with the isthmus, with a fleshy 
projection above the furrow. Species few. Found in all warm seas. 
One species known from the Hawaiian Islands. 
Trachurops Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila; 1862, 431 ( crumenophlhalmus ). 
140. Trachurops crumenophthalma (Bloch) . “AJcule;” “Halalalu.” Fig. 71. 
Head 3.4 in length; depth 3.5; eye 3.2 in head; snout 3.3; maxillary 2.3; interorbital 4.5; D. vii-i, 
26; A. ii-i, 22; scutes 35. 
Body oblong-elongate, little compressed, the back not much elevated; head long, rather pointed, 
the lower jaw somewhat projecting, maxillary reaching middle of pupil, slipping under the preorbital, 
exposed portion triangular, posterior portion somewhat wavy; eye very large, longer than the snout 
and greater than the interorbital width; adipose eyelid strongly developed; mouth moderate, some- 
what oblique; a single series of small teeth in each jaw, very weak teeth on vomer and palatines; a 
small patch of teeth on tongue; shoulder-girdle near isthmus with a fleshy projection, in front of 
which is a deep cross furrow; an angle at lower posterior portion of opercular region as in Clupea; 
dorsal spines moderate, their length 2 in head, the fin folding in a groove; dorsal rays low, scaled at 
base, folding in a groove; anal low, resembling soft dorsal, longest rays 2.6 in head; free anal spines 
strong, their length 2 in eye; caudal small, forked, the lobes equal, 1.6 in head; pectoral moderately 
Fig. 71 . — Trachurops crumenophthalma (Bloch); after Jordan and Evermann. 
long and falcate, 1.25 in head; ventrals barely reaching' vent, 2 in head; scales small; lateral line 
nearly straight, the scutes little developed except on caudal peduncle; cheeks and breast scaly. 
Color in alcohol, bluish silvery above, paler below, with brassy reflections, under parts white; 
dorsal and caudal fins somewhat dusky; other fins pale. 
The above description based upon a specimen (No. 02924) 12 inches long from Honolulu. 
An abundant and well-known species, next to the ulua and the amaama the most important food 
fish of Honolulu. It was obtained in 1889 by Dr. Jenkins, and has been recorded from the 
Hawaiian Islands by Gunther, Steindaehner, Fowler, and Snyder. Numerous specimens were obtained 
by us at Honolulu, Kailua, Hilo, Hoopuloa, and Hanalei Bay, Kauai, varying in length from 5 to 
12.25 inches. 
The synonymy of this species is open to some question. Our specimens probably correspond to 
Trachurops lorva Jenyns, described from Tahiti. 
Scomber cramenopthalmus Bloch, Ichthyologia, pi. 343, 1793, Acara, in Guinea. 
Scorriber plumieri Bloch, Ichthyologia, X, 67, pi. 344, 1797, Antilles. 
Scomber balantiophthalmus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 29, 1801, Guinea. 
Cavan : c daubentoni LaoSpede, Hist. Nat, Poiss., Ill, 58, 1801, no locality. 
Caranx mauritianus Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 359, 1824, Mauritius. 
Caranx macrophthahnus, Riippell, Atl. Reis. Nord. Af., 97, pi. 25, fig. 4, 1828, (Red Sea); Agassiz, Spix, Pise, Bras., 107, pi. 66a, 
fig. 1, 1829 (Brazil). 
