FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
189 
its least width; mouth large, nearly horizontal, the jaws equal; moderately strong, canine-like teeth 
in a single row in each jaw, sparsely set, especially on upper jaw, a patch of villiform teeth on vomer; 
palatines and tongue with granular or villiform teeth; maxillary reaching vertical at posterior edge of 
orbit; supplemental maxillary well developed and slipping under the broad preorbital; eye moderate, 
about 1.5 in interorbital; adipose eyelid strongly developed posteriorly; interorbital and nape strongly 
keeled; fins moderate, origin of spinous dorsal somewhat behind base of pectoral, the spines folding 
in a groove, the longest 3 in head; anterior dorsal rays produced, their length 1.8 in head, equal to 
that of longest anal rays; caudal widely forked ; pectoral ray very long and falcate, tip reaching about to 
base of seventh anal ray, the length 2.8 in body and equaling base of soft dorsal; ventrals short, reaching 
vent, 2.1 in head; scales rather large, covering entire body, entire cheek, and upper part of opercle 
with fine series, rest of head and nape naked; breast naked, except a small central patch of scales; 
lateral line with a strong regular arch above pectoral fin joining the straight part over origin of anal, 
chord of arch part slightly shorter than length of straight part; scutes well developed on entire 
straight portion. 
Color in alcohol, greenish olivaceous above, becoming paler on the sides and below; head green- 
ish, silvery on cheek, lower jaw paler, the head with a yellowish or brassy tinge; axil black; no spot 
on opercle; dorsals, anal, and caudal dusky; more or less yellow in life; soft dorsal and anal each -with 
a narrow, pale border; edge of free portion of caudal paler, upper part of caudal peduncle dusky; 
pectoral and ventrals somewhat dusky; no spot on lower pectoral rays. 
The above description based upon a specimen (No. 04448) 22 inches long, from Honolulu. A 
much smaller example (No. 02918) 8 inches long, from Honolulu, may be described as follows: 
Head 3.2 in length; depth, 2.4; eye 3.6 in head; snout 3.4; maxillary 2.25; interorbital 4; 
D. viii-i, 20; A. ir-r, 17; scutes about 30. 
Body short and deep, greatly compressed, the back strongly elevated, the dorsal profile strongly 
and regularly convex from tip of snout to origin of spinous dorsal; outline from origin of anal to snout 
nearly straight; head as long as deep; snout short, very steep, bluntly rounded; jaws subequal, the 
lower heavy; bands of villiform teeth on vomer, palatines, and tongue, those on jaws in a single row, 
small, sharp, conic, and wide-set; tongue rather thick, rounded, and free for most of its length; max- 
illary reaching to posterior border of pupil; eye anterior, somewhat above axis of body; interorbital 
