192 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
Color in life, of specimen (No. 02998) from Honolulu, pale bluish above, changing to silvery white 
on side and belly; dorsals, anal, and caudal dusky; pectoral rich lemon-yellow, iris yellowish white. 
Color of another specimen when fresh (No. 03450), silvery with golden reflections; 5 transverse dark 
bands on side, one over caudal peduncle, about as wide as length of snout, and distinct above lateral 
line; an indistinct dark band over head through eye; lins colorless. 
Color in alcohol, light grayish silvery with bluish reflections above, paler below, becoming white 
on belly; dorsal spines pale, produced part of soft dorsal dark, edge of rest of fin dark; caudal edged 
with dark; the produced part of anal dark; ventrals and pectorals pale; no dark opercular spot; axil 
dusky but not showing above fin. 
This species may be known in life by the dusky anal and yellow pectoral. In C. ignobilis the 
yellow is brightest on the anal fin. The above description based chiefly on a specimen (No. 04046) 11 
inches long, from Honolulu. The collection contains numerous specimens from Honolulu. 
The most important food-fish of the South Seas, abundant in the markets, and unsurpassed as the 
basis of fish-chowder. It is of wide distribution, being found throughout the tropical Pacific. A 
closely related species, Carangus latus, abundant in the West Indies, occurs as far north on the Atlantic 
coast as Virginia and has been doubtfully recorded from the Pacific coast of Mexico. This species 
needs close comparison with the present one. The earlier name probably belonging here is Carangus 
forsteri. Caranx lieberi is figured as colored differently from any species known to us. It most resem- 
bles Carangus mar g hiatus. 
The large series of specimens in our collections, ranging from 2 inches to nearly a foot in length, 
enables us to study very satisfactorily the variation in the species. Most of the young show evidences 
of broad dark bluish cross-bars, though some show them scarcely at all, the color being plain silvery. 
While the breast is always scaled, the stales are often so embedded and obscure as to be easily over- 
looked. A series of 51 specimens examined, 2.4 to 11.25 inches in length, from Honolulu, Hilo, 
Waialua, Hanalei Bay, and Puako Bay. 
? Scomber lieberi Bennett, Fish. Ceylon, 26, pi. 26, 1830, Ceylon. 
Caranx forsteri Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IX, 107, 1833, Isle of France, Malabar, Celebes, New Guinea, 
New Ireland, Vanicoro, East Indies. 
? Caranx peroni Cuvier & Valenciennes, op cit., 112, 1833, Vanicoro, Amboyna, Java, Malabar, East Indies. 
Caranx parapistes Richardson, Voy. Erebus and Terror, 136, 1844, Northern Australia, Torres Straits. 
Caranx hippos, Gunther, Cat., TI, 449, 1860 (St. Vincent, Jamaica, Puerto Cabello, South America, Madagascar, Port Natal, 
China, Amoy, Tanna, Ceylon, Pinang, Port Essington), not Scomber hippos L.; Gunther, Eische der Sudsee, V, 131, 
taf. LXXXIV, 1876 (Samoa, Tanna); Gunther, Rept. Shore Fishes, Challenger, Zool., I, Part VI, 59, 1880 (Hilo). 
Caranx latus, Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1900, 501 (Honolulu) (not of Agassiz); Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 
XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903),. 444 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 1904), 523 (Hanalei Bay, Kauai; Puako Bay, 
Hawaii) . 
145. Carangus melampygus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). “ Omilu;” “ Ojniliniilu.” Fig. 73. 
Head 3.4 in length; depth 2.8; eye 6.5 in head; snout 2.4; interorbital 3.8; maxillary 2.4; man- 
dible 2; gape 2.8; preorbital 4.5; D. vii-i, 24; A. ii-i, 18; scutes 35. 
Body short, deeply compressed, the badk much elevated; head rather short, the snout short and 
blunt; mouth moderate, little oblique; teeth small, sparse, in a single row in each jaw; jaws subequal; 
maxillary reaching anterior edge of pupil, triangular, its width at end 9.2 in its length, its edge slipping 
under the preorbital; interorbital narrow and very convex; the anterior profile very trenchant; eye 
moderate, in middle of head, entirely above axis of body, the adipose eyelid well developed posteriorly; 
ventral outline nearly straight from tip of jaw to origin of anal, thence ascending obliquely to caudal 
fin-; origin of spinous dorsal posterior to base of pectoral, the spines weak and short, folding into a 
groove, the longest 4.3 in head; distance between dorsals equal to eye, anterior dorsal rays elevated, 
their length somewhat greater than snout and eye, 1.8 in head; anal spines short and blunt; origin of 
anal posterior to that of soft dorsal, the anterior rays elevated, their length 2 in head; soft dorsal and 
anal each anteriorly slipping into a scaly sheath; caudal widely forked, the lower lobe somewhat the 
longer, 1.4 in head; pectoral very long and falcate, its tip reaching base of about fourth anal ray, its 
length 2.75 in body; ventrals short, 3.25 in pectoral or 2.6 in head; scales small, closely but irregularly 
imbricated; lateral line beginning at upper end of opercular opening, continuing nearly straight to 
under fourth dorsal spine, where it begins to curve gently downward until orgin of soft dorsal, where 
