FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 193 
the downward curve is more abrupt; scutes of lateral line beginning under about the eighth or tenth 
dorsal ray and increasing in size to the fourth from last. 
Color in life, general ground-color silvery, dusky above, lighter below; upper parts with numer- 
ous small black spots, intermingled with numerous bright dark-blue spots; interspaces with more or 
less golden reflections; golden band along the scutes; soft dorsal, anal and a narrow area along their 
bases .bright ultramarine; indistinctly outlined areas of same color on side of head about the eye; pec- 
toral and caudal dusky, with golden reflections; ventrals dusky with dark blue; no opercular spot; 
■base of pectoral not dark. 
Color in alcohol, dirty white above and on sides, profusely covered with small irregular darker 
spots and blotches, these also upon top of head and opercles; lower part of sides and under parts dirty 
yellowish white; fins all dusky, soft dorsal and anal almost black, white tipped. 
The above description based upon a specimen (No. 03412) 24 inches long, obtained in the Hono- 
Fig. 73. — Carangus melampygus (Clivier & Valenciennes); after Gunther. 
lulu market, July 18. Two other examples 13 and 24 inches in length were obtained by us at the same 
place. The species was also obtained by Streets and by the Bonite. It is more common in Samoa, 
where it is known as rnalnuli, and as a food-fish it is superior even to the ulua. 
Caranx melampygus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IX, 11(1, 1833, Waigiou, Rauwak, Burn, Vanicoro, Mauri- 
tius; Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, V, 133, taf. LXXXVI, 1876 (Celebes, Zanzibar, Mauritius, Seychelles); Jordan & 
Evermann, Fish. North & Mid. Amer., I, 925, 1896 (Socorro Island, Revillagigedo group); Jordan & Evermann, 
Amer. Food and Game Fishes, 307, 1902. 
Caranx bixanthopterus Riippell, Neue Wirbelthiere, Fisch., 49, pi. 14, fig. 2, 1838, Red Sea. 
Caranx stellatus Eydoux & Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Poiss., 167, PI. Ill, fig. 2, 1841, Hawaiian Islands; Gunther, Cat., II, 436, 
I860 (Sandwich Islands). 
Carangus melampygus, Streets, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 7, 69, 1877 (Honolulu). 
146. Carangus rhabdotus Jenkins. Fig. 74. 
Head 3.4 in length; depth 2.6; eye 3.75 in head; snout 3.8; maxillary 2.1; interorbital 3.3; D. 
viii-i, 20; A. ii— i, 16; scutes 32. 
Body oblong, elliptical, compressed; dorsal outline evenly arched, ventral outline slightly 
straighter than dorsal outline; head compressed, its depth equal to length; snout bluntly rounded, 
lower jaw slightly produced; mouth moderate, slightly oblique; villiform teeth on vomer, palatines, 
and tongue, and a single row of small, conic teeth on each jaw; maxillary reaching to posterior edge 
of pupil, its greatest width about 0.75 in eye ; center of eye slightly above axis of body, anterior; 
interorbital space convex; fins moderate; longest dorsal spine 2.5 in head; soft dorsal slightly concave, 
longest ray 1.75 in head; caudal forked, lobes moderate; anal similar to soft dorsal; ventrals short, 
2.2 in head; pectoral long, falcate, reaching slightly beyond arch of lateral line, equal to head; body 
completely scaled; bases of soft dorsal and anal with low sheath of scales; cheek and upper part of 
F. C. B. 1903—13 
