FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
197 
Scales on occiput, interorbital area, cheek, and upper parts of opercles; other parts of head naked; 
body, including breast and a sheath along base of dorsal and of anal, with small scales; scales of pos- 
terior part of body with minute ones along their edges; no scales on membranes of tins; lateral line 
a little more curved than contour of back, the straight part beginning below tenth articulated ray. 
Plates highest and broadest near middle of caudal peduncle, their width at that point equal to half the 
width of maxillary at posterior part. First dorsal spine short and closely adnate to second; second 
spine longest, 3 in head; rayed portion of fin with a scaled sheath along its base, the height of anterior 
part of which is equal to diameter of pupil; posteriorly the sheath gradually grows lower, disappear- 
ing near end of fin; anal spines thick and strong, their height a little less than diameter of pupil; 
base of fin with a sheath similar to that of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, the lobes-sharply pointed; 
pectoral falcate, sharply pointed; ventrals not reaching anal opening. 
Color silvery, a little darker above than below ; upper edge of opercular flap with a dark spot 
about half the size of pupil; axil dusky. 
This species was based on a single specimen 30.3 inches long obtained by the Albatross in 1902 in 
the Honolulu market. 
Carangus cheilio Snyder, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Jan. 19, 1904), 524, pi. 8, fig. 14, Honolulu (type, No. 50873, 
U. S. N. M.). 
Genus 113. CARANX (Commerson) Laeepede. 
This genus differs from Carangus mainly in the dentition, the teeth being very small, granular, 
and entirely lost with age; maxillary broad; body compressed; the fins without filaments. 
Only one species known from Hawaii. 
Caranx Commerson MS. ( speciosus ). 
Caranx LacCpede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 57, 1802 (tracharus, speciosus, carangus, ruber, etc.). 
Chiathanodon Bleeker , Verh. Bat. Gen., XXIV, 30,72, 1852 ( speciosus ). 
Caranx Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 433 {speciosus) . 
Hypocaranx Klunzinger, Fische des rothen Meeres, 92,96, 1884 ( speciosus ). 
151. Caranx speciosus (Forskal). “ Pdopao;” “ Ulna I'auu.” Plate XII. 
Head 3.25; depth 2.14; eye 5; snout 2.5; maxillary 2.75; D. vi-i, 20; A. i, 16; scutes weak, about 15. 
Body broadly ovate, strongly compressed; back considerably elevated, the ventral outline less 
curved; caudal peduncle short; dorsal and ventral outlines approaching it at about equal angles; head 
rather small, short; snout short, the profile ascending rather abruptly; nape trenchant; mouth moder- 
ate, slightly oblique, the lower jaw included; maxillary reaching anterior border of pupil, its edge 
slipping under preorbital for its entire length; suborbital broad, about 2 in snout; mouth entirely 
toothless, tongue with small villiform teeth; interorbital space strongly convex; eye small, slightly 
above axis of body, slightly anterior; gillrakers moderate, about half diameter of eye, stout and blunt, 
about 20 below angle; dorsal spines weak, short, longest 3.2 in head; origin of soft dorsal midway 
between tip of snout and base of caudal; caudal deeply forked; anal similar to soft dorsal, its origin 
under seventh soft dorsal ray; ventrals short, reaching beyond vent, 2.5 in head; pectoral long and fal- 
cate, reaching beyond arch, its length equal to base of anal; arch of lateral line equal to straight part 
(in smaller examples the arch is less, sometimes 1.25 in straight part) ; cheek and upper parts of oper- 
cle scaly, breast scaly, no scales on snout and upper part of head. 
Color in life, light dusky above with silvery and blue reflections, becoming white on belly; ante- 
rior part of belly and sides of face yellow; indistinct yellow blushes on other parts of body; yellow 
line on body at base of anal; 8 or 9 indistinct transverse bands on body; margin of caudal yellow; 
anterior anal yellow, bright toward tip of longest rays; ventrals white; pectoral translucent; dorsals 
dusky; irregular, blackish spots on back below base of soft dorsal. 
Color in alcohol, dusky grayish, lighter below; soft dorsal brownish olivaceous, other fins slightly 
lighter, no bands evident on body, though these show in small examples. 
The above description from a specimen (No. 03523) 18 inches long, from Honolulu, where the fish 
was also obtained by the Albatross in 1902. Our collections contain an excellent series of this species, 
the specimens ranging from 8.5 to 20 inches in length. 
Scomber speciosus Forskal, Descript. Animal., XII, 54, 1775, Djidda. 
Scomber rim Forskal, op. cit..(= Scomber speciosus Forsk&l), Australia; Polynesia, etc. 
