FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
199 
above axis; interorbital very convex, the nape trenchant; spinous dorsal short, weak, and low; 
6 or 7 rays of soft dorsal elevated anteriorly, the longest ray about 2 in base of fin, other rays even, 
slightly less than eye; origin of soft dorsal midway between tip of snout and base of caudal; caudal 
deeply forked, lobes equal; anal similar to soft dorsal, longest ray about 2 in its base; ventrals short, 
reaching past Vent, 2.5 in head; pectoral long, falcate, equal to base of anal, the head contained 1.3 
in pectoral, its lower base just anterior to base of ventrals; lateral line with a long, low arch, extending 
nearly to tip of pectoral. 
Color in life, silvery, with dark-blue reflections over upper portions of back and head, several 
small lemon-colored spots with dusky centers on side, the number and position varying in different 
Specimens, generally a group under curve of lateral line and one near beginning of straight portion; 
soft dorsal and anal blue, lower portion of these fins golden with blue outer margin; ventrals white 
with bluish shade, pectoral transparent, with golden shade; caudal bluish and golden with dusky 
margin. 
Color in alcohol, purplish blue, lighter on sides and below, anterior portion of anal and soft dorsal 
dusky; pectorals pale; side with a few indistinct dark spots, usually below lateral line and posterior 
to middle of pectoral. 
The above description based upon a specimen (No. 03413) 14 inches long, obtained in the market 
at Honolulu, July 19. Several other specimens were obtained at Honolulu and one is in the collection 
from Kailua. The fish is rather common about Hawaii, and equally so in Samoa. 
Scomber ferdau Forskal, Descript. Animal., 55, 1775, Red Sea. 
Caranx bajad Ruppell, Atl. Reis. Nordl. Af., 98, pi. 25, fig. 5, 1828, Red Sea. 
Carangoides hemigymnostelhus Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen., XXIV, 1852, 61, Batavia. 
Carwhgoides fulvoguttatus Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen., XXIV, 1852, 89. Batavia. 
Caranx Venator Playfair, Proc. Zool. Soe. London 18G7, 859, fig. 2; no locality, probably Seychelles. 
Caranx ferdau, Klunzinger, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 1871, 162 (Red Sea) (not of Ruppell); Gunther, Fisehe der Siidsee, I, 
taf. 77 and 78, 134, 1876 (Red Sea, Tahiti, Seychelles, Bonin Islands); Day, Fishes of India, II, 217, 1876; Steindach- 
ner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 1900, 495 (Honolulu). 
Caranx ( Carangoides ) ferdau, Klunzinger, Fisehe des rothen Meeres, I, 99, 1884 (Red Sea). 
Carangoides ferdau, Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 446 (Honolulu). 
153. Carangoides gymnostethoides Bleeker. 
Head 3.3 (4) in length; depth 3 (3.6); D. vii-i, 31; A. ii-i, 26. 
Body elliptical, compressed; profile convex from snout to nostril, thence regularly arched to 
caudal; ventral outline less convex, being almost straight from head to anal; head longer than deep; 
snout rather blunt, 3 in head; mouth low, somewhat oblique; maxillary 2.3 in head, extending opposite 
front of pupil; lower jaw little produced; teeth in villiform band's on jkws, vomer, palatines, and a 
patch on the tongue; eye large, 1.5 in snout, 4.4 in head; adipose eyelid little developed; cheeks and 
temporal regions with fine scales, head otherwise naked; scales rather small, those below pectoral 
smaller; a naked area on breast not widening forward from base of ventrals as much as in G. ortho- 
grarnmus Jordan & Gilbert; lateral line but little curved, arched above pectorals, and gradually 
becoming straight at their tips; greatest depth of arch about equal to pupil, the arched part of the line 
longer than the straight, plates developed only in the posterior half of the straight part; the plates 
small with low keels, their spines little prominent; 25 developed plates, including small ones; 
spinous dorsal rather weak, the highest spine 1.75 in snout (these spines probably varying according to 
the age); soft dorsal long and low, with slender rays; a well-developed scaly basal sheath anteriorly; 
the first articulate ray is 1.75 in base of fin and 1.25 in head; anal similar to soft dorsal; first free anal 
spine nearly obsolete, second small; caudal lobes moderate, equal, 1.2 in head, their length much 
less than the depth from tip to tip; pectorals falcate, their tips slender, reaching tenth ray of anal, 
their length 2.5 in body (from snout to base of caudal fin); ventrals 2.6 in head. 
Color, in spirits, nearly plain olive, about as in C. orthogrammus. This species is recorded from 
Johnston Island by Smith & Swain. We have not seen it from elsewhere. 
Carangoides gymnostethoides Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen., XXIV, 1852, 61; Bleeker, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., I, 364, Batavia; 
Bleeker, Enum. Spec. Pise. Arckip. Indie., 69, 1859 (Java). 
Caranx gymnostethoides, Gunther, Cat., II, 431, 1860 (Sea of Batavia); Smith & Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 125 
(Johnston Island). 
