208 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
Color in life, bright silvery, bluish on back; fins dull whitish, the first dorsal and caudal narrowly 
edged with black; ventrals pure white; upper fins a little darker than lower; iris reddish silvery. 
Young examples, when fresh, with top of head steel whitish with steel black reticulations and 
marblings which end in 2 dark stripes along side of back close to dorsal; soft dorsal with an inter- 
maginal stripe of dusky; caudal pale, margined with dusky all round, the bulk of the fin white. 
Color in alcohol, bluish brown above, more or less dusky, especially on top of head; lower 
surface of body white, washed with silvery; vertical fins dusky, the margins of caudal and dorsals 
blackish; margin of anal pale; pectoral dusky, with a median yellowish spot, axil dusky; ventrals 
whitish; inside of gill-opening and axil of pectoral dusky. 
This beautiful fish was quite common in the streams and brackish water on the islands of Oahu 
and Hawaii. Numerous specimens are in the collections from Honolulu, Moanalua, Heeia, Waialua, 
Hilo, and Kailua, and numbers were obtained also by Dr. Jenkins and by the Albatross at Puako 
Bay, Hawaii; Hanalei Bay, Huleia River, and Waimea River, Kauai; Laysan Island; and at Station 
3844 on (lie southern coast of Molokai. 
The species attains a length of 8 to 10 inches, though most of the examples seen were smaller; a very 
attractive little fish, possessing many of the habits of our sunfishes and basses, dwelling by preference 
in the running fresh-water streams, where it may be found in numbers in the deeper pools. It is a 
good food-fish, takes the hook readily, and possesses game qualities of no mean order. As a pan-fish 
it ranks with our species of Lepomis and Eupomotis. The species is of very wide distribution, having- 
been recorded from South Africa, the East Indies, Australia, many of the islands of the' South Pacific, 
the Hawaiian Islands, and many other localities. 
Dules rnalo Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 479, 1831, Matavia River, Tahiti. 
Dales mcUo Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool., II, 226, pi. 52, 1831, Tahiti. 
Dales leuciscus Jenyns, Zool. Voy. Beagle, 17, 1S42, Tahiti. 
Dules marginatus, Gunther, Fische der Stidsee, 24, 1873 (Sumatra, Java, Amboyna, Fiji, Society Islands, Bonham Islands, 
Gilbert Islands, Hawaiian Islands); Gunther, Rep. Shore Fishes, Challenger, Zool., I, part VI, 59, 18S0 (Hilo, 
Honolulu). 
Moron apsis argentcus var. smulvicensis Steindaehner, Beitriige, V, in Sitzb. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXXIV, 1876 , 205, Sandwich 
Islands. 
Moronopsis marginatus, Streets, Bull. IT. S. N. M„ No. 7, 71, 1877 (Waialua, Oahu). 
‘Wales humilis He Vis, Proe. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, IX, 1884, 396, Queensland, Australia. 
Moranopsis sandvieensis Steindaehner, Sitzb. Ak. Wiss.. Wien, XCVI, 1887, 56, (Sandwich Islands). 
Kulilia mala, Boulenger, Cat., I. 40, 1895 (South Africa; Mauritius; Rodriguez; Fiji Islands; Viti Levu, Tahiti; Hawaiian 
Islands; Hilo); Steindaehner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 1900, 483 (Honolulu); Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 
1900, 502 (Hawaiian Islands); Jenkins, Bull. IT. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 447 (Honolulu); Snyder, 
op. cit. (Jan. 19, 1904), 526 (Hawaiian Islands; Laysan Island). 
160. Kuh.Ha taeniura (Cuvier & Valenciennes) . Fig. 81. 
D. x, 9 to 11; A. hi, 10 or 11; scales 5-50 to 55-13 or 14; depth 2.75 to 3 in total length; head 
3.5 to 3.66; snout 0.66 diameter of eye, which is 2.66 to 3.25 times in length of head, and equals inter- 
orbital width; lower jaw projecting; maxillary extending to below anterior border or anterior third of 
eye, the width of its distal extremity 0.25 to 0.33 diameter of eye; cheeks and opercles with large ctenoid 
scales; angle and lower border of preopercle finely denticulated; lower opercular spine strong; 25 or 
26 gillrakers on lower part of anterior arch; dorsal originating just behind vertical of axilla; fifth or 
fourth and fifth spines longest, 0.6 to 0.66 length of head, longer than anterior soft rays; tenth spine 
longer than ninth, as long as third or a little shorter; pectoral 0.66 length of head; ventral a little 
shorter, reaching anus, or not quite so far; anal as long as or slightly longer than its distance from 
caudal; third spine a little longer than second, as long as tenth dorsal; caudal deeply forked, middle 
rays 0.33 to 0.4 length of outer. Silvery bluish gray on hack; top of soft dorsal blackish; caudal with 
5 black hands, one along the middle rays, and two pairs converging posteriorly. 
This species, common among lava rocks in the south seas, was obtained in 1881 on Johnston 
Island, south of Plawaii, and recorded by Smith & Swain. It is common at Samoa. 
Dules tieniurus' Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 114, 1829, Java; Bleeker Verb. Batav. Gen., XXII, 1849, Perc., 
49 (Pagotang); Gunther, Cat., I, 267, 1859; Kner, Novara, Fische, 47, 1865. 
Perea argentea, Bennett, Fish. Ceylon, pi. XXII, 1830. 
Dales bennetti, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1855, 432 (Mozambique); Gunther, Cat,, I, 270, 1859. 
Dales argenteus, Ivlunzinger, Verb. zool. -hot. Ges. Wien, XX, 1870, 730; Gunther, Fische der Stidsee, 25, pi. XIX, fig. C, 1873; 
Day, Fish. Ind., 67, pi. XVIII, fig. 2, 1875, and Fauna Ind., Fish. I, 504, 1889. 
