FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
209 
iforonopsis tseniurus, Bleeker, Arch. Neerl., VII, 1872, 374 (Java; Sumatra); Atlas Icht.h., VII, 119, pi. CCCXLV, fig. 5, 1876 
(Java; Sumatra; Buro). 
Paradules tseniurus, Bleeker, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., IV, 1873, 139. 
Kiihiia Ixniu-ra, Smith & Swain, Proc. U. S. N. M., V, 1882, 128 (Johnston Island; Java; Chinese Sea; Sumatra). 
.1 Ioronopsis argenteus, Khinzinger, Fische des roth. Meer., 25, 1884. 
Kuhiiia arge Jordan & Bollman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, 159, Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago; Jor- 
dan &Eigenmann, Bull, U. S. Fish Comm., VIII, 1888 (1890), 419. 
Family FIX. Apogonichthyidae. — The Cardinal Fishes. 
Body oblong or elongate, sometimes" compressed and elevated, covered with rather large scales, 
which are striated and ctenoid, or sometimes cycloid; cheeks scaly, lateral line continuous; cleft, of 
mouth wide, oblique; villiform teeth on jaws and vomer and sometimes on palatines; canines some- 
times present (teeth wanting in Brephoxtoma); -preoperele with a double ridge, its edge entire or slightly 
serrated; opercular spine little developed; lower pharyngeals separate, with sharp teeth; pseudo- 
branch ise present; branchiostegals 6 or 7; dorsal fins well separated, the first with 6 to 9 rather strong 
spines; no dorsal sheath or furrow; anal tin short, usually with 2 spines, sometimes with 3 or 4; ventral 
fins thoracic, i, 5, without axillary scale. Small fishes of the Tropics, especially abundant, in the East 
Indies, some of them in fresh waters, most of them in rather deep waters. Color often bright red. 
Genera about 15; species about 130. 
The family is represented in Japan by at least 8 species, and notwithstanding their small size they 
have great importance as food-fishes. In the Hawaiian Islands we know 9 species, all of them small 
and only 2 of an)' importance for food. These fishes are most abundant among the coral rocks about 
tropical islands. Many of our most interesting specimens obtained at Honolulu were secured by 
breaking apart masses of dead coral, in the interstices of which they take refuge. 
a. Canine teeth none; teeth all minute or villilorm. 
b. Preoperele with margins entire. 
c. Teeth on vomer and palatines. 
d. Lateral line complete and well developed Mionorus , p. 210 
dd. Lateral line incomplete, ceasing under origin of soft dorsal Foa , p. 210 
cc. No teeth on vomer or palatines Ariomma, p. 217 
bb. Preoperele with at least posterior margin serrate, especially in the young Amia, p. 211 
aa. Canine teeth present in front of jaws Synagrops , p. 218 
F. C. B. 1903—14 
