212 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
ridge, the edge somewhat serrate, at least in the young, becoming entire with age in some species; 
opercle with a spine behind; gillrakers rather long; dorsal spines 6 or 7, strong; second dorsal remote, 
short; anal with 2 spines and 8 or 9 soft rays, the second much the longer, the soft part similar to the 
soft dorsal; pectorals and ventrals moderate; vertebrae 11+14=25. Warm seas; the species numerous. 
The species are much alike in form, but differ greatly in markings, the ground color being usually 
bright red or reddish silvery. The principal groups differ in number of dorsal spines and in the form 
of the caudal. Most of the Pacific species belong to the subgenus Ostorhinchvs, while all the Atlantic 
species belong in the subgenus Apogon. 
Amia Gronow, Zoophyl., 80, 1763 ( molncccnsis ); Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 237 ( imberbis ). 
Apogon Lacepode, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 111, 1801 (ruber— imberbis). 
Ostorhinchus Lacepode, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 24, 1802 ( fleurieu , a species from the South Seas with 8 dorsal spines and a 
dark cross-band at base of caudal). 
Monoprion Poey, Memories, II, 123, 1856-58 (macalatus) . 
Pristiapogon Klunzinger, Synopsis, Fische des rothen M.eeres, in Verhand. Gezells. Wien, I, 715, 1870 ( frenatus ). 
a. Preopercle sharply serrate on posterior margin only, the anterior edges smooth or merely roughish. 
b. Body with 6 or 7 longitudinal rows of black spot! forming distinct lines macicliferd, p. 212 
bb. Body with 5 indistinct dark bands, none reaching the ventral surface evermanni, p. 213 
na. Preopercle sharply serrate on both margins; body without distinct rows of spots, 
r. Second dorsal spine not the longest; color not bright reddish. 
d. Caudal fin without black crescent snyderi, p. 214 
dd. A broad black crescent on base of caudal fin, the horns extending to tips of outer rays menesema, p. 215 
cc. Second dorsal spine longest; color of body bright reddish , : erythrina, p. 217 
163. Amia maculifera (Garrett). Fig. 83. 
Head 2.5 in length; depth 2.75; eye 3.2 in head; snout 4.2; maxillary 2; interorbital 4; mandible 
1.6; D. vii (-viii)-i, 9; A. ii, 8; scales W24-5; gillrakers about 6 -f- 15, long and compressed, filaments 
short, the longest smaller than the longest gillrakers. 
Body short, deep, and moderately compressed, the greatest depth less than length of head; caudal 
peduncle rather deep, its least depth 2.5 in head; head pointed, longer than deep, eye and postocular 
part equal to its depth; eye very large, anterior, much greater than snout; interorbital flat with a low 
median ridge; upper rim of orbit not projecting above the profile of head; snout pointed; jaws sub- 
equal; maxillary extending nearly to posterior margin of pupil; teeth villiform, in bands on jaws, 
vomer, and palatines; tongue small, .rounded, thin, and free; mouth large, oblique; bones of the head 
cavernous; posterior margin of preopercle and edge of suborbital finely serrate; anterior margin of 
preopercle simply rough; origin of spinous dorsal over base of pectoral, third spine enlarged, 2.4 in 
