FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
215 
upper edge of opercle along side, just above lateral line, to posterior edge of soft dorsal; another 
broader, more distinct brown band from tip of snout through eye and along middle of side to base of 
caudal fin, covering lateral line on caudal peduncle; caudal peduncle at base of caudal fin with a 
broad dusky crossbar, usually darkest on upper half, sometimes obscure, sometimes with a darker 
blotch or spot in the upper portion; upper parts of head covered with fine dark brown punctulations; 
lower jaw similar, but somewhat paler; membranes of anterior 2 or 3. dorsal spines black, others 
finely punctulate; soft dorsal pale at base, above which is a broad indistinct dark crossband, the 
color confined chiefly to the interorbital membranes, this color extending to near tip of last rays; outer 
part of soft dorsal pale; anal similar to soft dorsal, the black bar narrower and nearer base of fin, rest 
of fin white; caudal dusky on membranes of outer 1 or 2 rays, the fin otherwise white, with a few fine 
punctulations on the interradial membranes; ventrals pale; distal parts of the first and second rays 
and their connecting membrane black; pectoral pale, axil and base of pectoral somewhat dusky. 
Color in life (field No. 198, 0. P. J.), pale red; 2 longitudinal pearly lines on body; first dorsal 
with a dusky olivaceous anterior border; white lines along fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh spines, the 
membranes olivaceous; second dorsal with many white and some olivaceous spots; anal with a dusky 
line along base, the distal part red; base of caudal dusky, rest of fin pale red; ventral with a white 
spot near tip; pectoral pink; iris yellow. 
Another example (field No. 03499) was coppery brown when fresh, with trace of dusky band along 
side; a faint black bar at base of caudal, forming a black spot above end of lateral line; some dusky on 
opercle; first dorsal dusky; second dorsal brownish red with some dark; anal same with a basal flesh- 
colored bar below it; caudal reddish brown; ventrals same, with first ray pinkish and dusky behind 
it; some dusky on opercle. 
This species reaches a length of about 6 inches. It was obtained by Garrett in the Hawaiian, 
Society, and Paumotu islands. Our collections contain numerous specimens from Honolulu and Hilo. 
We have examined also 12 specimens in the collection made by Dr. 0. P. Jenkins. 
The species closely resembles Amici menesema, from which it differs chiefly in coloration; the 
black caudal crescent, which is such an excellent distinguishing mark in A menesema, is wholly absent 
in this species; moreover, the 2 silvery lateral bands, which become dark brown in spirits, are not 
found in A. menesema; and the black on the anal and soft dorsal is less conspicuous in A. snyderi. 
A fairly good figure of this specis is given by Gunther in Fische der Siidsee, under the erroneous 
name of Amia frenata. The species belongs to the subgenus Pristiapogon of Klunzinger, having both 
limbs of the preopercle serrate. 
Our collections contain many specimens from Honolulu and Hilo, ranging in length from 3 to 5.5 
inches. 
Apogon frenatus, Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, I, 19, taf. 19, fig. A, 1873 (Hawaiian, Society, and Paumotu islands).; Stein- 
dachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 1900, 484 (Honolulu); not Apogon frenatus Valenciennes, Nouv. Ann. Mus. 
Hist, Nat., 1832, 57, pi. 4, fig. 4; nor of Klunzinger. 
Apogon snyderi Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Apr. 11, 1903), 180, Honolulu; Jenkins, op. cit- 
(Sept. 23, 1903), 448 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 1904), 526 (Hawaiian and Laysan islands). 
166. Amia menesema (Jenkins). “Upap&lu.” Plate XIII and Fig. 86. 
Head 2.5 in length; depth 2.8; eye 3.75 in head; snout3.9; maxillary 1.9; interorbital 4; mandible 
1.75; D. vii-r, 9; A. ii, 8; scales 2-25-5. 
Body short, deep, moderately compressed, greatest depth less than length of head; caudal pedun- 
cle rather deep, its least depth 2.3 in head; head subconic, longer than deep, its depth slightly greater 
than eye and postocular part of head; snout bluntly rounded; jaws equal; mouth large, slightly 
oblique; bands of small villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; tongue rather thick, narrowly 
pointed, free; maxillary reaching posterior margin of pupil, which is above axis of body, anterior; 
interorbital very slightly convex; longest dorsal spine 2.2 in head; preopercle sharply serrate on ante- 
rior as well as posterior margin; longest dorsal ray 1.8; caudal deeply emarginate; anal similar to soft 
dorsal, longest ray 1.8 in head; ventrals reaching nearly to anterior base of anal, 1.8 in head; pectoral 
reaching to origin of anal, 1.6 in head; scales large, weakly ctenoid, deciduous; lateral line complete, 
concurrent with dorsal outline. 
Color in life, coppery purple, dull and clouded with grayish; sides and belly with bluish luster; 
first dorsal dull reddish, with membrane of first two spines jet black; second dorsal dirty pink, with a 
