FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
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Genus 131. APHAREUS Cuvier & Valenciennes. 
Body long and slender; vomer, palatines, and tongue without teeth; teeth in each jaw in a narrow, 
villiform hand, none enlarged or canine-like; last dorsal and anal rays much produced; preopercle 
entire; interorbital convex; dorsal fin not notched; branchiostegals 7. 
This genus is related to Apsilus, from which it differs chiefly in the dentition. 
Aphareus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VI, 485, 1830 (cterulcscens). 
180. Aphareus flavivultus Jenkins. Fig. 96. 
Head 3.3 in length; depth 3.4; eye 4.4 in head; snout 3.1; maxillary 1.9; mandible 1.65; inter- 
orbital 3.2; preorbital 6.5; Br. 7; gillrakers 16 -|- 5; D. x, 11; A. hi, 8; scales 9-72-17. 
Body long and slender, considerably compressed, the dorsal and ventral outlines beautifully 
curved from tip of snout to caudal peduncle, greatest depth at the origin of dorsal fin; head rather long, 
conic; snout long; mouth very large, somewhat oblique, the maxillary slipping for its entire length 
and most of its width under the broad preorbital, reaching posterior border of pupil; lower jaw long 
and strong, its tip projecting and entering into anterior profile; vomer, palatines, and tongue toothless; 
teeth in jaws in a narrow, villiform band, none enlarged; eye moderate, its lower border in line with 
axis of body; opercle smooth, without developed spines; preopercle not dentate, only slightly 
crenulate; caudal peduncle long, its length from base of last dorsal ray to base of first supporting 
caudal rays equal to snout and eye, its least width about 2.5 in its least depth, which is slightly less 
than snout; fins small, the dorsal continuous, its origin slightly behind base of pectoral and equidistant 
between tip of snout and base of seventh soft ray; third dorsal spine longest, slightly greater than 
snout; last dorsal ray produced, its length about 2.4 times that of preceding ray; anal similar to soft 
dorsal, its origin under base of about fourth dorsal ray; third anal spine longest, slender, its length 3.8 
in head; last anal ray much produced, its length equal to that of last dorsal ray; caudal widely forked, 
the lower lobe slightly the longer, its length somewhat greater than that of head; ventrals rather 
pointed, not nearly reaching vent, about 1.75 in head; pectoral long, somewhat falcate, upper rays 
produced, about 1.2 in head; scales small, moderately firm, covering entire body, nape, cheek, and 
opercles; a modified humeral scale from which a line of modified scales extends to occiput, in front of 
which is a patch of ordinary scales; scales on cheek in 6 rows, those on opercle in 9 rows; lateral line 
beginning at lower edge of humeral scale, very slightly arched, following closely curvature of back to 
base of middle caudal ray; soft dorsal and anal naked; caudal with fine scales. 
Color in life, dirty violet, edges of scales brownish; lower side and under parts somewhat paler; 
head dirty violet or purplish; dorsal brownish red at base, yellowish olive and rosy on outer half; 
caudal greenish olive, edged with reddish purple; anal white at base, somewhat dusky, a large brassy 
