236 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION, 
yellow blotch on anterior part of fin, posteriorly dirty rosy; ventrals purplish and greenish yellow; 
pectoral pale rosy ; iris yellowish rosy white. 
This species is not common among the Hawaiian Islands, only 11 specimens having been obtained 
in that region by collectors. It differs from Aphareus furcatus in form and otherwise. 
According to Dr. Jenkins, the color of the top of the head was very distinct in life in the 
examples obtained by him in 1889. None of our specimens showed any yellow on the face. An 
examination of Dr. Jenkins’s specimens shows that this color has entirely faded, so that no 
character remains by which his specimens can be distinguished from ours. 
Besides the 5 specimens from Honolulu and Kona, Hawaii, in Dr. Jenkins’s collection, we have 
2 from Honolulu, 2 from Kailua, and 1 from Hilo. One was also obtained by the Albatross at Honolulu. 
The species is known only from the Hawaiian Islands. 
Length 4.5 to 15 inches. 
Aphareus flavivultus Jenkins, Hull. U. S. Fisk Comm., XIX, 1899 (June 8, 1901), 390, fig. 4, Honolulu. (Type, No. 49691, 
U.S.N.M., Coll. 0. P. Jenkins); Jenkins op. cit., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 451 (Kona, Hawaii); Snyder, op. cit. 
(Jan. 19, 1904), 527 (Honolulu). 
Aphareus furcatus, Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fisk Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 451 (Honolulu). 
Genus 132. BOWERSIA Jordan & Evermann. 
Body long, rather slender and moderately compressed; top of head evenly rounded, the supra- 
occipital crest extending forward on cranium; jaws equal, lower not projecting; bands of villiform 
teeth on both jaws, the outer series somewhat enlarged and canine-like; villiform teeth on vomer, 
palatines, and tongue; maxillary slipping for its entire length under the rather broad preorbital; eye 
large; opercle entire, ending in 2 fiat, obscure spines, the space between them deeply emarginate, 
but filled by soft membrane; preopercle scarcely dentate; dorsal fin continuous, the last ray produced, 
nearly twice length of preceding one. 
This genus is related to Apsilus, with which it agrees in the presence of villiform teeth on the 
vomer and palatines, but from which it differs in having well-developed teeth on the tongue, and in 
the produced last dorsal and anal ray. Two species are known. 
“We take much pleasure in naming this new genus for the Hon. George M. Bowers, United States 
Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, in recognition of his active and intelligent interest in promoting 
scientific work, especially the investigation of the aquatic resources of the Hawaiian Islands.” 
Bowersia Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fisk Comm., XXII, 1902 (Apr. 11, 1303), 182 ( violescens ). 
a. Scales ratker large, about 60 in lateral line; preorbital broad, 7.75 in head violescens, p. 236 
aa. Scales smaller, about 68 in lateral line; preorbital narrow, 10 in head ulaula, p. 237 
181. Bowersia violescens Jordan & Evermann. “ OpaJcapaka.” Fig. 97. 
Head 3.25 in length; depth 3.5; eye 4.4 in head; snout 3; maxillary 2.6; mandible 2; interorbital 
3; preorbital 7.75; scales 8-60-15; D. x, 10; A. m, 8; Br. 7; gillralters 5 + 14. 
Body long, rather slender, moderately compressed, tapering gradually into the rather long caudal 
peduncle; head large, longer than deep; snout moderate, rather bluntly conic; mouth large, maxillary 
reaching anterior third of pupil, slipping for its entire length under the thin edge of the rather broad 
preorbital, the width of its tip 2 in eye; mandible strong, but not projecting; broad bands of villiform 
teeth on jaws, vomer, palatines, and tongue, the outer series in the jaws slightly enlarged and canine- 
like; eye large, its lower edge in line with axis of body; interorbital broad, gently convex; anterior 
profile but slightly curved from tip of snout to nape, thence more strongly arched to origin of dorsal, 
descending in a long,* low curve to caudal peduncle; ventral outline but slightly convex; caudal 
peduncle rather long, 2 in head, its least width about 1.6 in its least depth, which is 1.8 in its length, 
measured from base of last dorsal ray to base of supporting caudal rays; gillrakers few, rather, strong 
and short, the longest about 2.6 in eye; opercle smooth, ending in 2 flat, obscure spines (more strongly 
developed in each of the cotypes); preopercle obscurely serrate at the angle (more distinctly so in the 
cotypes); fins moderately developed, the dorsal fin continuous, without notch, its origin over base of 
pectoral and equally distant from tip of snout and base of fourth ray, length of entire base of fin and 
to tip of last ray twice length of head; first dorsal spine moderately short, closely bound to the second, 
whose length exceeds it by about one-half; seventh dorsal spine longest, its length equal to that of 
