FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
241 
what roughened; preorbital thin, its edge smooth; opercle ending in 2 broad flat spines; preopercle 
finely dentate, teeth strongest at the angle, but no spines especially enlarged; gillrakers few, moderate 
in length, the longest about 3 in eye, the number about 3+9; fins moderately developed ; dorsal fin 
deeply notched, almost divided into 2 fins; origin of spinous dorsal posterior to base of pectoral, its 
distance from tip of snout equal to distance to base of fifth dorsal ray; first dorsal spine short, about 
equal to diameter of pupil, third and fourth dorsal spines longest, about 2.4 in head, ninth dorsal spine 
short, about 2 in second; dorsal rays subequal, the last about 1.25 in third dorsal spine; origin of anal 
under about fourth dorsal ray; first anal spine very short, third longest, about 1.75 in third dorsal 
spine; last anal ray about equal to last one of dorsal; caudal rather widely forked, the lobes about 
equal, their length equal to distance from tip of snout to edge of preopercle, their outer rays not espe- 
cially produced; ventrals rather short, reaching but slightly more than half distance to origin of anal, 
their length about 2 in head; pectoral longer, the upper rays somewhat produced, the fin slightly 
falcate, the length 1.2 in head; scales moderately large, firm, deeper than long; cheek and opercle 
scaled, the former with ti rows; a large modified humeral scale; lateral line beginning at humeral scale 
and following contour of back, ceasing at base of caudal. 
Color in life, rose-red, not quite so brilliant as in Et.dk evurus; a golden stripe along lateral line, 
mouth not red inside; axil deep red; belly silvery, but less abruptly so than in E. evurus and some- 
what shaded with rose; fins rose-colored, the first dorsal and caudal brightest, ventrals and anal almost 
white; a faint •whitish stripe alongside below golden one. Another specimen (No. 03378), 2 feet long, 
from Honolulu, nearly fresh, was very bright red, silvery below, the center of each scale on back golden, 
these forming streaks; lateral line golden; upper fins bright red; lower fins pale red. 
Color in spirits, light dusky, yellowish above, paler on the sides, whitish below; top of head dusky 
yellowish; fins all uniform whitish. 
The above description based chiefly upon a specimen (No.. 04148) 16.75 inches long, from Hilo. 
This species reaches a length of at least 2 feet, and is a common and important food-fish both at 
Honolulu and Hilo. The spawning time seems to be in the middle of the summer, several of the 
examples obtained by us in July being full of ripe spawn. It is close to E. evurus from which it differs, 
however, in the smaller eye, much stronger teeth, somewhat shorter body, and in not having the 
caudal lobes markedly produced. It is rather common in deep water, especially off Hilo. The type 
(No. 50714, U. S. N. M. ) w'as obtained by Dr. Wood at Honolulu. Our collection contains 4 specimens 
from Honolulu, 9 from Hilo, and 1 from Kailua, ranging from 10 to 26 inches long. 
Etdiscus marshi Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 452, fig. 21, Honolulu. 
F. C. B. 1903—16 
