242 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
185. Etelis evurus Jordan & Evermann. “Ulaula.” Plates XVIII and 38. 
Head 3.2 in length; depth 3.6; eye 3 in head; snout 3.9; maxillary 2.2; interorbital 3.6; D. x, 11; 
A. m, 8; scales 5-50-11; Br. 6; gillrakers 15 + 6, longest about 2 in eye. 
Body rather long, tapering, moderately compressed; dorsal outline slightly convex, ventral out- 
line nearly straight; head considerably longer than deep, compressed, subconic, snout bluntly pointed, 
less than eye, equal to portion of eye anterior to posterior edge of pupil; mouth large, oblique; small 
bands of villiform teeth on vomer, palatines, and anterior part of each jaw; a single row of small 
wide-set, slender canine teeth on the outer edge of each jaw, those in upper jaw slightly larger and 
more wide-set; a single larger canine tooth on the side of each jaw in front, those in the upper jaw 
the larger; maxillary extending to middle of pupil; eye very large, its lower edge slightly below axis 
of body; preopercle finely serrate; opercle with 2 broad, flat spines, not produced, the upper rather 
obscure; fins moderately developed; origin of spinous dorsal slightly posterior to base of pectoral, its 
distance from tip of snout equaling that to base of sixth dorsal ray; dorsal fin deeply notched, almost 
divided; first dorsal spine short, its length but slightly greater than diameter of pupil; third dorsal 
spine longest, 2.1 in head; ninth spine short, its length 2.75 in third; soft dorsal not elevated, the rays 
about equal, the last 1.75 in third spine; anal similar to soft dorsal, the first spine very short, the third 
about 1.8 in third dorsal spine, last anal ray about equal to last dorsal ray; caudal deeply notched, the 
lobes much produced, the upper the longer, its rays greatly exceeding length of head, or about 2.4 in 
body; ventrals long, but not reaching vent by a distance equaling half diamater of pupil, their length 
1.5 in head; pectoral long, reaching vent, the upper rays somewhat produced, their length 1.2 in head; 
scales moderate, firm, covering body, nape, opercles, and breast; a large humeral scale; lateral line 
beginning at lower edge of humeral scale and following contour of back to base of caudal fin. 
Color in life, of a specimen (field No. 03481) 14 inches long, brilliant rose-red, the side from level 
of eye abruptly silver, with rosy shades; snout, jaws, eye, and inside of mouth red; fins all rose-color, 
the dorsal and caudal bright; ventrals and anal pale, the former washed with red on center; axil pale 
pink; pectoral pale rosy. 
Color in alcohol, uniform yellowish white, paler below; fins all pale yellowish white, the caudal 
lobes somewhat dark. 
This species is related to Etelis oculatus of the West Indies, from which it differs in the somewhat 
larger scales, much longer caudal lobes (9.5 times length of middle rays instead of 4 times, as in 
E. oculatus), and larger eye. From E. carbunculus Cuvier & Valenciennes, from Isle of France, it seems 
to differ in the coloration, and in having only 16 instead of 20 scales in a transverse series. It is one of 
the handsomest of all Hawaiian fishes, thus far known only from Hilo, Hawaii, in the market of 
which we obtained 13 fine examples, and from Honolulu, where it was obtained by the Albatross. 
Length 11 to 16.5 inches. 
Etelis evurus Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (April 11, 1903), 184, Hilo; Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 
1904), 527 (Honolulu). 
Family LX 111. SPARID4L — The Porgies. 
Body oblong or more or less elevated, covered with rather large, adherent scales, which are never 
truly ctenoid; lateral line well developed, concurrent with the back, not extending on caudal fin; 
head large, the crests on the skull usually largely developed; no suborbital stay; mouth small, ter- 
minal, low, and horizontal; premaxillaries little protractile; maxillary short, peculiar in form and in 
articulation, without supplemental bone, for most of its length slipping under the edge of the pre- 
orbital, which forms a more or less distinct sheath; preorbital usually broad; teeth strong, those in 
front of jaws conical, incisor-like or molar; lateral teeth of jaws always blunt and molar; no teeth on 
vomer or palatines; posterior nostril largest, usually more or less oblong or slit-like; lower pharyngeals 
separate; gills 4, a large slit behind the fourth; pseudobranchise' large; gillrakers moderate; gill-mem- 
branes separate, free from the isthmus; preopercle entire or serrulate; opercle without spines; sides of 
head usually scaly; dorsal fin single, continuous, or deeply notched, the spines usually strong, 
depressible in a groove; spines heteracanthous, that is, alternating, the one stronger on the right side, 
the other on the left, the spines 10 to 13 in number; anal fin rather short, similar to the soft dorsal, 
and with 3 spines; ventral fins thoracic, the rays i, 5, with a more or less distinct scale-like appendage 
