FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
249 
1.8 in head, the spine more than half length of longest ray; scales cycloid, present on head except on 
jaws and in front of eye, very minute on all the fins except ventrals; lateral line concurrent with dorsal 
outline; peritoneum dark gray. 
Color in life, dark steel-blue, becoming paler below; a definite deep blue stripe from snout below 
eye widening on opercle, and thence straight to center of base of caudal; below it a narrow bright 
golden stripe from angle of mouth to lower part of caudal, and then a fainter blue stripe below this; 
a blue stripe from eye to upper part of gill-opening, interspace golden shaded with green; a deep blue 
stripe, not sharply defined, from upper part of eye along each side of back to base of upper caudal 
lobe; upper fins dusky golden or olivaceous; ventrals yellow; anal and lower lobe of caudal dirty 
golden; pectoral translucent. 
Color in alcohol, deep steel-gray, brown above, each scale with a very pale spot, the edge pale, 
lower surface whitish silvery; a pale streak of gray behind eye to edge of opercle; dorsal fin gray- 
brown like the back; caudal and pectoral whitish; inside of ventrals dusky orange; ventrals and anal 
dusky; inside of pectoral blackish brown. 
Type, No. 50664, U. S. Nat. Mus. (field No. 03363), a specimen 15.25 inches long, taken off the 
shore near Heeia, Oahu Island. 
This species must be very rare, being unknown to the fishermen and only the single specimen 
having been obtained by us. 
Secialor azureus Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Apr. 11, 1903), 185, Heeia, Oahu Island. 
Family LXV1. MULLID4J. — The Surmullets. 
Body elongate, slightly compressed, covered with large scales which are usually slightly ctenoid; 
lateral line continuous, the pores often branched; large scales on the head; upper profile of head more 
or less parabolic; mouth small, low, subterminal; teeth mostly small, variously placed; no canines, 
incisors, nor molars; premaxillaries somewhat protractile; maxillaries thin, nearly as broad at base as 
at tip, without supplemental bone, partly hidden by the broad preorbit&l; preopercle entire or slightly 
serrate; opercle unarmed or with a single spine; eye moderate, placed high; branchiostegals 4; jiseu- 
dobranchise present; 2 long, unbranched barbels at the throat, attached just behind the symphysis of 
the lower jaw; dorsal fins 2, remote from each other, both short, the first of 6 to 8 rather high spines, 
which are depressible in a groove; anal short, similar to the soft dorsal, with 1 or 2 small spines; 
ventrals thoracic i, 5; air-bladder usually present, simple; vertebne 9-f- 14=23; stomach siphonal; 
pyloric coeea about 20. Species about 40, referable to 5 closely related genera, found in all tropical 
seas, some species straying northward. Many of the species are highly valued as food, especially 
the European Mullus barbatus and Mullus surmuletus. 
a. No teeth on vomer and palatines. 
b. Teeth o£ jaws small, suhequal, in several series or narrow villiform bands Mulloides, p. 219 
bb. Teeth of the jaws rather strong, unequal, in 1 or 2 series Pseudupaieus, p. 254 
aa. Teeth on vomer and palatines, and in both jaws Upeneus, p. 2(34 
Genus 139. MULLOIDES Bleeker. 
This genus differs from Upeneus only in the dentition, the teeth in both jaws being in narrow 
villiform bands, none on vomer or palatines. Species numerous, chiefly of the Pacific Ocean. 
Mulloides Bleeker, Percoiden, Sept., 1848, in Verh. Bat. Gen., XXII, 1849 (flavolinealus) . 
Mulloides Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Tnd., Ill, 697, 1852 (flavolineatus) . 
a, Scales in lateral line 40 or more (40 to 43). 
b. Eye comparatively large, 3.33 to 3.5 in head. 
c. Eve 3.5 in head; scales 40; no yellow lines on head auriflarnma , p. 250 
cc. Eye 3.33 in head; scales'42 or 43; yellow lines on head erythrinus, p. 251 
bb. Eye smaller, 4 to 6 in head. 
d. Eye very small, 6 in head; snout rather long, 1.9 in head pflugeri, p, 251 
dd. Eye larger, 4.3 in head; snout shorter, 2.25 in head ...flammeus, p. 251 
aa. Scales in lateral line fewer than 40 (31 to 37). 
e. Body comparatively slender, depth about 4 in length, head 3.5; scales 35 samoensis, p. 253 
ee. Body deeper, depth about 3 in length; head longer, 3 in length; scales 31 vanicolensis, p. 254 
