258 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
199. Pseudupeneus chrysonemus Jordan & Evermann. Plate XXI. 
Head 2.8 in length; depth 3.4; eye 5.3 in head; snout 1.7; interorbital 3.5; maxillary 2.3; D. 
viii-9; A. i, 7; scales 3-30-7. 
Body slender, not greatly compressed, the back gently and rather uniformly elevated from tip of 
snout to dorsal; ventral outline slightly convex; head moderate; snout long, bluntly pointed; mouth 
moderate, slightly oblique, the lower jaw included; maxillary broad at tip, falling short of vertical of 
orbit by diameter of pupil; interorbital space convex; eye small, in posterior half of head; teeth rather 
large, in a single band in each jaw; barbels long, 1.2 in head, reaching nearly to base of ventrals; 
opercular spine small; fins rather large; third dorsal spine longest, 1.5 in head, or equal to distance 
from tip of snout to middle of pupil, third ray longest, 3.2 in head; base of spinous dorsal 1.4 in third 
spine; base of soft dorsal 1.4 in longest spine; origin of spinous dorsal nearer last dorsal ray than tip of 
snout by longitudinal diameter of pupil; distance between dorsals 1.5 in eye; length of caudal peduncle 
1.5 in head; pectoral long, pointed, slightly falcate, 1.4; ventrals slightly longer, 1.3; last anal ray 2.9, 
equal to base of fin; caudal shallowly forked, lobes 1.3 in head, middle rays 2.75 in upper lobe; scales 
finely ctenoid and obscurely dendritic; lateral line concurrent with the back, the pores with few 
branches, the number usually not exceeding 5 or 6; 2 scales between the dorsals, 8 on dorsal side of 
caudal peduncle; peritoneum somewhat silvery. 
Color when fresh, deep scarlet red, especially a shade from snout through eye toward tail; first 
dorsal plain scarlet, second paler golden with oblique stripes of scarlet and yellow edge; caudal orange, 
reddish at base, yellowish at tip; anal like second dorsal; pectoral pale orange; ventrals deep red; 
barbels bright yellow; iris red. In life, a pale streak backward from eye to middle of side parallel 
with back; side with 2 blotches of deep red; a row of dark spots along bases of both dorsals; young of 
3 inches, from the rock pools, in life, dark olive-green above with a dark olive streak along lateral line 
and 3 dark shades under first dorsal, second dorsal, and back of caudal peduncle; tip of first dorsal 
cherry -red, edged with white; second dorsal and caudal translucent, scarcely reddish; ventrals and 
anal bright cherry-red, former mesially dusky; barbels golden. 
Color in alcohol, pale yellowish; each scale below dorsal with brownish edgings, generally most 
distinct in young and often entirely disappearing with age; a series of smaller obscure spots along 
median line from opercle to tip of pectoral; sides and under parts with faint traces of rosy. 
This species may be known by the series of dusky blotches along each side of the dorsal fin and 
by the simple structure of the lateral line. In life it is at once known by its golden barbels. 
The above description based upon a specimen (field No. 03929) 8 inches long, obtained at 
Honolulu, in 1898, by Dr. Wood. We have examined 4 other specimens of approximately the same 
size obtained at the same time, and numerous examples collected by us at Honolulu and Hilo, which 
range in length from 4 to 8.5 inches. 
Pseudupeneus chrysonemus Jordan & Evermann. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (April 11, 1903), 186, Hilo; Jenkins, 
op. cit. (Sept. 23, 1903), 454 (Honolulu). 
200. Pseudupeneus bifasciatus (Lacepede). ‘Munu.” Fig. 107. 
Head 3.2 in length; depth 3; eye 5 in head; snout 1.9; interorbital 3.25; maxillary 2.5; D. vm-8; 
A. 7; scales 3-31-6; gillrakers 29 + 8, serrate, longest 1.5 in eye, no blunt rudiments, but all fairly 
well developed. 
Body short, stout, considerably compressed, bach elevated; profile concave before the eye, strongly 
arched thence to spinous dorsal; ventral profile comparatively straight; head moderate, much com- 
pressed; snout moderate, somewhat projecting, bluntly rounded; mouth low, nearly horizontal, lower 
jaw included; maxillary very broad at tip, not reaching orbit; eye small, high up, in posterior part of 
head; interorbital very convex; teeth rather large, unequal, in a single series in each jaw, none on 
vomer or palatines; cheek deep; opercular spine moderate, flat; barbels moderate, reaching gill- 
opening, a little shorter than snout; fins rather large; spinous dorsal slightly nearer last dorsal ray 
than tip of snout; longest dorsal spine 1.5 in head, slightly' greater than snout and pupil; base of 
spinous dorsal 1.2 in longest spines; longest dorsal ray 1.65 in longest dorsal spine, or 1.25 in base of 
soft dorsal; interspace bet ween dorsals greater than eye or 2.6 in longest dorsal spine; length of caudal 
peduncle equal to longest dorsal spine; origin of anal slightly posterior to that, of soft dorsal, its longest 
ray about equal to that of soft dorsal, its base 1.6 in that of soft dorsal; caudal broad, not deeply forked, 
