FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
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its lobes 1.6 in head; pectoral rather short, equaling longest dorsal spine; ventrals considerably longer, 
1.2 in head; scales large, moderately firm, slightly rivulate, the edges weakly ctenoid; pores of lateral 
line profusely branched, the branches usually about 10 to 12 in number, fewer posteriorly, the number 
as low as 5 or 6. 
Color in alcohol, rusty black; body crossed by 2 broad dark bars, the first under anterior half of 
spinous dorsal, second under posterior half of soft dorsal, each of these bars about equal to snout and 
eye in width and separated by a broader pale interspace; head dark; caudal peduncle pale; vertical 
fins dark; the spinous dorsal darkest on its anterior portion; soft dorsal and anal dark, crossed by 
numerous narrow wavy pale streaks; caudal yellowish white, dark edged; ventrals pale, dark on inner 
surface and on edge; pectoral pale; in larger specimens the caudal fin shows somewhat the markings 
of soft dorsal and anal. 
A large specimen, No. 03465, 12 inches long, from Hilo, had in life body purplish clierry-red, rather 
dull and dusky, with obscure dark cross bands (one at nape, one under first dorsal, one under front of 
second, one under last rays, and one at base of tail); snout darker than body; barbels blackish; no 
Fig. 107. — Pseudupeneus bifasciatus (LacOpede); after Gunther. 
golden or clear red anywhere; first dorsal deep dull red; second red olive, mottled and streaked with 
crimson, edge blackish; caudal deep dull red, finely spotted with crimson, edge blackish with a faint 
pale edging; anal like soft dorsal; ventrals purplish black, with pale edge; pectoral light purplish red; 
iris red. 
The above description based chiefly upon a specimen (No. 03911) 11 inches long, from Honolulu. 
This is an excellent food-fish of fine, delicate flesh. The collection contains other specimens from 
Honolulu, Hilo, and Kailua. 
Mullus bifasciatus Lac6pede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 404, pi. 14, fig. 2, 1801, no locality. 
Mullus trifascidtus Lac6pede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 404, pi. 15, fig. 1, 1801, Pacific Ocean. 
Upeneus bifasciatus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 408, 1829 (Bourbon, Hawaiian, and Caroline islands). 
Pseudupeneus bifasciatus , Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 456 (Honolulu). 
201. Pseudupeneus crassilabris (Cuvier & Valenciennes). 
Head 3 (3.66) in length; depth 3 (3.66); D. vni-9; A. i, 7; scales 2-31-6. 
Body oblong, compressed, robust; head and anterior part of body heavy; profile concave from 
snout to a point midway between the nostrils, thence regularly curved to first dorsal; snout 
long, blunt, 1.66 in length of head; ventral outline little curved; caudal peduncle two-thirds length 
of head, its least depth almost twice in its length; mouth moderate, little oblique, the lower jaw 
