FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
261 
reaching slightly beyond posterior edge of preoperele; longest dorsal spine 1.3 in head or from poste- 
rior base of spinous to posterior base of soft dorsal, last soft dorsal ray equal to second, each 2.5 in 
head; distance between dorsals equal to 3 rows of scales or one-fourth of head; second anal ray equal 
to last, each equal to base; origin of soft dorsal slightly in advance of anal, tips of last rays of each 
extending to same line posteriorly, the spinous dorsal extending nearly an eye diameter beyond tip of 
pectoral; pectoral not reaching quite as far posteriorly as ventrals, which are 1.2 in head; pectoral 1.3; 
caudal peduncle 1.3, its least depth 2.7; scales large, finely and distinctly ctenoid and strongly rivu- 
late; lateral line parallel with back, pores usually with 8 to 12 branches anteriorly, fewer posteriorly. 
Color in life, dirty whitish, darkest on back; scales narrowly edged with yellowish olive; under 
parts white, with slight rosy wash; head obscure rosy, snout and maxillary clearer rosy; side with 
some olive; a large black blotch on lateral line just under and behind last dorsal spine; spinous dorsal 
greenish on membranes, the spines rosy; soft dorsal greenish, with a few small dark spots crossed by 
about 7 narrow pale streaks; caudal pale yellowish, edge of lower lobe red; anal pale with 3 pale yel- 
lowish green streaks; pectoral pale; ventrals pale rosy. 
A fresh specimen from Hilo had the body bright rose-red with a little yellow shading, more crimson 
on opercle; a black spot on side opposite space between dorsals, behind this spot a large paler oblong 
area of pink; first dorsal red, with yellow olive on membranes; second with basal half blood red (black 
washed with red), above this 5 oblique violet lines alternating with olive-yellow; caudal with outer 
rays crimson, the fin mottled red and reddish olive; anal with 4 oblique violet stripes alternating with 
golden; j>ectoral light reddish; ventral deeper red; barbels white; iris scarlet. 
Color in alcohol, side and upper parts dull plumbeous, an irregular broad pale bar across side 
under anterior portion of soft dorsal, this usually appearing as a large white blotch; abroad darker 
area under posterior portion of soft dorsal; a large black spot, 2 or 3 scales in diameter, on lateral line 
under last dorsal spines; under parts yellowish white; dorsal, caudal, anal, pectoral, and ventrals pale 
yellowish white; the caudal and spinous dorsal somewhat dusky; soft dorsal black at base, paler on 
distal portion, the color made up of a number of closely placed black bars, obscure at the base. 
The above description based chiefly upon a specimen (No. 02984) 10.25 inches long, from Honolulu. 
We have 27 specimens 5 to 11.25 inches long, from Honolulu and Hilo. 
Upeneus pleurostigma Bennett, Proe. Committee Zooi. Soc. London for 1830, 59, Mauritius. 
Upeneus brandessii Bleeker, Naturh. Tijds. Ned. Ind., II, 1851, 236, Banda Neira. 
MuMus pleurostigma, Playfair, Pishes of Zanzibar, 40, 1866 (Zanzibar; Mauritius). 
Parupeneus pleurostigma, Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 1900, 486 (Laysan). 
Pseudupeneus pleurostigma, Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Pish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 456 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. 
(Jan. 19, 1904), 527 (Honolulu). 
203. Pseudupeneus fraterculus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Fig. 109. 
Head 3.75 to 4 in total; depth 4.75 to 5; eye 5 in head, 1.35 to 1.5 in interorbital portion of head, 
2.35 to 2.5 from end of snout, 1.25 in interorbital space; I>. vm-9; A. i, 7; scales 2 or 3-31-7. 
Fig. 109. — Pseudupeneus fraterculus (Cuvier & Valenciennes); after Playfair. 
