FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
275 
Color in alcohol, dull brown, a little darker on back; side with 6 broad dark brown vertical bands, 
deep on back; scales over and behind eye, a row over nape with black centers; a black spot on caudal 
peduncle above, at base of last dorsal rays; vertical fins blackish; pectoral pale brown; ventrals blackish. 
Described from an example (No. 04511) taken at Honolulu. 
This species is easily distinguished by the presence of the black spot on caudal peduncle, which is 
present at all ages. The young have also a black spot at base of pectoral. 
We have examined 39 specimens of this common species, 6 collected by us at Kailua, 5 at Hilo, 
10 at Waianae, 1 at Moanalua, and Sat Honolulu; 1 obtained by McGregor at Lahaina, Maui, and 
8 by Dr. Jenkins at Honolulu. Specimens were also collected by the Albatross at Honolulu; Puako 
Bay, Hawaii; Napili Bay, Molokai; Necker Island, and Laysan Island. Our examples are one-half 
to 8.25 inches long. 
Chxtodon sordidus Forskal, Descript. Animal., 02, 1775, Djidda, Red Sea. 
Glyphisodon sordidus , Riippell, Atl. Reis. Nord. Af., 34, PI. VIII, fig. 1, 1828; Jenkins, Bull. IT. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 
(Sept. 23, 1903), 458 (Honolulu; Lahaina, Maui); Snyder, op. fit. (Jan. 19, 1904), 527 (Hawaiian Islands, Laysan 
Island). 
Glyphisodon gigas Lienard, I)ix. Rapp. Hist. Nap. Maur., 35, 1840, Mauritius. 
Glyphisodon notatus Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1869, 521, Andaman Islands. 
Glyphisodon sordidus, Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, VII, 231, 1881 (Red Sea, east coast, of Africa, East Indian Archipelago, 
Tahiti, Raiaten., Samoa, and Bonham Island). 
Abudefduf sordidus, Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1900, 504 (Hawaiian Islands). 
Qlyphidodon ( Paraglyph idodon ) mclas , Steindachner, Denks. Alt. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 1900, 502 (Laysan); not of Kubl & van 
H assel? 
Family LXVIII. MALACANTHID^E. — The Blanquillos. 
Body more or less elongate, fusiform, or compressed; head subconical, the anterior profile usually 
convex; suborbital without bony stay; the bones not greatly developed; cranial bones not cavernous; 
opercular bones mostly unarmed ; mouth rather terminal, little oblique; teeth rather strong; no teeth 
on vomer or palatines; premaxillary usually with a blunt posterior canine, somewhat as in the 
Lahridx; premaxillaries protractile; maxillary without supplemental bone, not slipping under the 
edge of the preorbital; gills 4, a long slit behind the fourth; pseudobranchiae well developed; gill- 
membranes separate, or more or less united, often adherent to the isthmus; lower pharyngeals sepa- 
rate; scales small, ctenoid; lateral line present, complete, more or less concurrent with the back; dorsal 
fin long and low, usually continuous, the spinous portion always much less developed than the soft 
portion, but never obsolete; anal fin very long, its spines feeble and few; caudal fin forked; tail diphy- 
cercal; ventrals thoracic or subjugular, i, 5, close together; pectoral fins not very broad, the rays all 
branched; vertebrae in normal or slightly increased number (24 to 30); pyloric ececa few or none. 
Fishes of the temperate and tropical seas, some of them reaching a large size. 
Genus 146. MAI ACANTHUS Cuvier. 
Body elongate, slightly compressed; cleft of mouth horizontal, with the jaws equal; eyes lateral; 
scales very small, minutely ciliated; one continuous dorsal, with the first 4 to 6 rays not articulated; 
dorsal and anal very long; pectoral rays all branched; jaws with villiform teeth; an outer series of 
stronger teeth, some of them canine-like, and with a canine at the posterior extremity of the inter- 
maxillary; no teeth on the palate; preopercle entire; opercle with a spine; gillrakers little developed; 
vertebrae in small number, 10 -(- 14 = 24. 
Malacanthus Cuvier, R6gne Animal, Ed. 2, II, 264, 1829 (plumieri). 
216. Malacanthus parvipinnis Vaillant & Sauvage. “Mak&’a." Fig. 118. 
Head 5 in length; depth 6.8; snout 3 in head; eye 4.7; interorbital 2.9; maxillary 2.6; D. v, 57; 
A. 53; P. 16; V. i, 4; scales 8-175-24. 
Body very elongate, compressed, greatest depth about middle of belly; head elongate, compressed, 
its depth 1.7, width 2; upper profile of head evenly convex; snout elongate, convex, rather blunt; jaws 
nearly equal, rather large; mouth largo, slightly inclined, end of maxillary reaching almost to front 
of pupil; eye small, high, posterior margin of pupil nearly midway in length of head; nostrils formed 
as horizontal slits in a groove in front of middle of eye, well separated, the anterior placed in about last" 
