276 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
third of snout; interorbital space very broad, convex; lips rather broad, fleshy; teeth sharp pointed, 
somewhat unequal, in broad bands in jaws; operele with a large strong spine with a fleshy flap; gill- 
opening rather large, the isthmus broad, gill-membrane forming a broad fold across; scales very 
small, ctenoid, those in the lateral line very small, and with posterior margin deeply scalloped; head 
naked except on postocular region, occiput, cheek, and operele, which are covered with small finely 
ctenoid scales; dorsal very long, of more or less uniform height; dorsal spines short, flexible; rays flexi- 
ble, seventh 2.5; anal long, similar to dorsal, twelfth ray 2.5; the fin beginning at tip of pectoral; pec- 
toral broad, 1.35 in head; ventrals small, close together, 2.5; caudal expanded, truncate, 1.6; caudal 
peduncle short, compressed, its depth 3.75; lateral line slightly irregular, superior at first, then run- 
ning down on middle of side of trunk at its last third. 
Color in life of a specimen 12 inches long, from Honolulu, light olive green; belly silvery; side 
with about 20 faint short bands of the back color; dorsal flesh-color, a little rosy, a narrow edge of 
yellow; caudal lobes gray; iris deep blue, a little golden above. 
Color in alcohol, pale brown on upper surface and forming about 20 pale slightly indined cross 
bars along side, fading out in the pale color beneath; side and lower surface very pale straw-color 
washed with silvery; fins, with the exception of caudal, pale straw-color; caudal pale straw-color, 
Fig. 11S.— Malacanthus parvipinnis Vaillant & Sauvage; after Gunther. 
middle rays whitish, 2 jet-black horizontal bands beginning on the upper and lower rudimentary 
caudal rays and running to edge of fin; a spot on lower part of iris. 
Described from an example (No. 04128) taken at Honolulu. 
We have from Honolulu 20 examples 7.25 to 11.75 inches long and 1 from Hilo 8.75 inches long. 
Specimens were obtained by Dr. Wood at Honolulu and by the Albatross at Honolulu and at 
Lahaina, Maui. 
Malacanthus parvipinnis Vaillant & Sauvage, Rev. Mag. Zool. (3), III, 1875, 283, Sandwich Islands; Jenkins, Bull, U. S. 
Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 199 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 1904), 536 (Honolulu, Lahaina, 
Maui). 
Malacanthus hcedtii, Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, V, 160, taf. XCVJII, fig. B, 1876 (Tahiti, Yap, and Sandwich islands); 
Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 1900, 497 (Honolulu); not of Bleeker. 
Suborder PHARYNGOGNATHI. — The Labroicl Fishes. 
Lower pharyngeals fully united; nostrils double; gills 3.5, with no slit behind the last; ventral fins 
thoracic, each with 1 spine and 5 rays; dorsal and anal spines not very strong; scales weakly ctenoid 
or cycloid; in other respects essentially as in the Percuidea. Species mostly of the tropical shores; 
most of them large fishes of strong dentition and bright colors. 
a. Lower pharyngeals T-shaped or Y-shaped, their teeth conical or tubercular; teeth in jaws usually not confluent. Species 
carnivorous; the sexes often dissimilar Labridse, p. 277 
aa. Lower pharnygeals more or less spoon-shaped or basin-shaped, their teeth broadest transversely and truncate, 
arranged in mosaic; teeth in jaws more or less perfectly confluent, forming a sort of beak; anal spines 2; dorsal 
spines 9; scales very large, 22 to 25 in lateral line; vertebrae 10 or 11 + 14 = 24 or 25. Species herbivorous; the sexes 
colored alike Scaridse, p. 33S 
