300 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
greenish; nape greenish on claret ground; head greenish on dark dirty purple; cheek darkish brown, 
angle of opercle blackish; chin pale reddish brown, throat same as belly; iris green; lips greenish 
dark; dorsal light claret, margin cobalt- blue, the latter wider on soft dorsal; caudal emerald-green, 
edges and half of end cobalt-blue, half of membrane orange-brown; anal same as soft dorsal; ventrals 
pale cobalt-blue; proximal half of pectoral emerald -green, distal half deep Prussian blue, edge 
Prussian blue. 
This same specimen, in spirits, is clusky purplish brown above and on upper pari of sides, the 
head most purplish; side with 3 irregular greenish lines; dorsal with purplish -black on the first 2 
membranes, the basal three-fifths of the fin dusky purplish, a few small bright blue spots on the base; 
distal two-fifths of the fin bluish green bordered irregularly by pale yellowish white; anal similar to 
soft dorsal, the blue-green border a little broader, the edge not paler; caudal with the rays dusky at 
base, blue-green distally, the central membranes whitish, the outer ones more dusky, a dusky purplish 
stripe extending to tip of outer rays both above and below, upper and lower edges of caudal bluish 
green; pectoral blue-black, paler at base; ventrals greenish white. 
In young individuals the dorsal and anal are more decidedly tricolor, there being a broad blue- 
green stripe through the middle, above a somewhat broader purplish proximal stripe, and below a 
narrower but distinct paler stripe, the rays tipped again with greenish blue; the median stripe on side 
as well as the back more brownish. 
This species may be readily distinguished from all others by the absence of distinct markings on 
head and the presence on the side of 2 series of vertically oblong or quadrate bluish green areas bor- 
dered by whitish, suggesting the 2 rows of openings in the harmonica; aptly compared by Lacepede to 
2 rows of Chinese characters. Of the 4 specimens possessed by Bleeker and which he identified as 
Julis guadricolor, 3 (including the one which he figured) evidently belonged to this species. They are 
said to have had no markings on the head, and his figure (pi. 34, fig. 3) clearly shows the harmonica 
markings. Other species have the unmarked head and still others may possess the peculiar body 
markings, but we know of none other possessing both. 
This species is fairly common about the coral reefs of the Hawaiian Islands, and is not rare in 
Samoa. Our collection contains a series of 16 specimens: 9 from Honolulu, 3 from Kailua, and 1 each 
from Honuapo and Hilo. In length they vary from 5.25 to 11.5 inches. 
Labrus fuscus Lac6p6de, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 437, 1S01, no locality. 
Labrus trilobatus Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 454 and 526, 1801, tropical Pacific. 
Julis bicatenatus Bennett, Proc. Committee Zool, Soc., Lond., 1831, 1671, Mauritius. 
Julis trilobatus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat, Poiss., XIII, 437, 1839 (lie de Prance). 
Julis formosus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIII, 439, 1839, lie de France. 
Julis trilobata, Gunther, Cat,, iv, 1S7, 1862, in part, var. a (South Africa, Mauritius, Aneityum). 
Julis quadricolor Bleeker, Atlas, i, 93, pi. 34, fig. 3, 1862 (in part, 3 of his 4 specimens, including the one figured), Java. 
236. Thalassoma umbrostigma (Riippell). Fig. 129. 
Head 3.6 in length; depth 3.6; eye 6.6 in head; snout 2.8; preorbital 4; gape 3; interorbital 3.5; 
D. viii, 13; A. hi, 11; scales 4-27-8. 
Body moderately long and compressed, the dorsal and ventral outlines moderately convex; head 
but slightly longer than deep; snout moderate, bluntly conic; preorbital oblique; jaws each with a pair 
of stout canines in front and smaller close-set conic teeth laterally; eye small, slightly anterior, entirely 
above axis of body; interorbital lather low, convex, the profile from tip of snout to nape evenly 
convex; least depth of caudal peduncle slightly greater than half head; origin of dorsal slightly 
posterior to base of pectoral, its distance from tip of snout greater than head by diameter of orbit; 
dorsal spines short, their length about 2 in snout; dorsal rays longer, 1.3 in snout; anal similar to 
soft dorsal, of about equal height; caudal shallowly lunate, the outer rays but slightly longer than 
middle one, which is equal to snout and eye; ventrals short, reaching somewhat more than half 
distance to vent, length 2.4 in head; pectoral longer, reaching vertical at vent, its length 1.3 in head; 
scales large, thin, but firm, those on breast somewhat reduced; head entirely naked; lateral line 
parallel with dorsal outline to below fifth dorsal ray from last, where it curves downward 3 scales and 
then continues to base of caudal, the pores with 3 to 6 or 7 branches; small scales on base of caudal. 
Color in life (No. 03022, 7 inches long, from Honolulu), side pale greenish with 3 irregular 
broad rosy stripes, the upper one darkening into Indian red ; median dorsal line at base of dorsal fin 
