FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
339 
a. General color of body and fins blue; about 8 narrow white lines radiating from the eye irradians , p. 339 
aa. General color of body and fins grayish or brownish. 
b. Spinous dorsal without black spot between first and second spines cyclurus , p. 340 
bb. Spinous dorsal with a distinct black spot between first and second spines, 
c. Side somewhat mottled with lighter but without distinct spots or specks sandvicensis, p. 341 
c,c. Side above lateral line with a series of about 5 roundish white spots as large as pupil; side below lateral line with 
about 10 or 12 large round white spots; numerous smaller spots and irregular markings scattered among those, 
snyderi, p. 342 
268. Calotomus irradians Jenkins. Fig. 143. 
Head 3.25 in length; depth 2.5; eye 6.75 in head; snout 2.5; preorbital 3.5; interorbital 4; D. ix, 
10; A. hi, 9; P. 12; scales 2-25-5. 
Body short, deep and compressed; dorsal outline strongly arched from tip of snout to origin of 
dorsal fin, slightly depressed in front of eyes, thence in a long, low curve to base of caudal peduncle; 
ventral outline similarly convex; least depth of caudal peduncle 2 in head; head short and deep, a 
little deeper than long; snout short, preorbital deep, not much oblique; mouth small, the gape not 
nearly reaching front of orbit, scarcely oblique, lying in axis of body; lower jaw slightly included; 
upper jaw with 3 series of strong imbricated but distinct teeth in front, the posterior 1 or 2 on each 
side remote, recurved and canine-like; lower jaw in front with about 4 or 5 series of teeth similar 
Fig. 143 . — Calotomus irradians Jenkins; from the type. 
to those in upper jaw; upper lip double only on the sides covering about half the teeth, lower lip not 
double; eye small, high up; interorbital rather narrow, convex. 
Dorsal spines soft and flexible, their length about 3.25 in head; soft dorsal somewhat higher, rays 
about 2.3 in head; anal similar to soft dorsal, the rays equally high; caudal lunate, the lobes produced, 
the upper one the longer, about 1.3 in head; in some examples the caudal is more nearly truncate; 
ventrals short, their tips reaching scarcely halfway to origin of anal; pectoral broad, free edge slightly 
convex, the fin reaching slightly beyond tips of ventrals, length about 1.5 in head. 
Scales large, firm, the edges thin and flexible; 4 scales on median line in front of dorsal fin; a 
sheath of modified scales along base of dorsal, a similar but lower sheath along base of anal; a single 
row of 5 large scales on cheek, 2 rows of large scales on opercle. 
Color in life, body and fins blue; head, chin, and throat bright blue, marked with pink, in about 
8 bands radiating from eye and a number of bands and irregular figures on snout, face and occiput, a 
few small spots on chin; of the pink bands radiating from eye, 2 reach region of angle of mouth, 
2 join the irregular markings on face and occiput, and 4 radiate over the region of cheek and 
behind eye; a vertical bar of pink on each scale, in some regions partly concealed by overlapping 
