FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
343 
peduncle; ventral outline rather evenly convex; head short, as deep as long; snout bluntly conic, lower 
jaw slightly included; mouth small, in axis of body; teeth in front of each jaw free, convex, incisor- 
like, in 2 or 3 rows; upper jaw with 2 moderately strong, recurved canines, inside and posterior to 
which is a row of close-set smaller teeth; side of lower jaw with overlapping series of rounded incisor- 
like teeth; preorbital oblique, moderately deep; eye small, high up; interorbital broad, low, convex; 
caudal peduncle 2 in head. 
Scales large, thin, adherent, the free edges membranous; 4 scales on median line in front of dorsal; 
cheek with a single row of 4 scales; opercle with 2 rows of large scales, 3 scales, on the lower limb; 
lateral line complete, decurved under base of last dorsal ray, where there is usually one or more 
supernumerary pores; pores of lateral line numerously and widely branched, the branches varying 
from 4 or 5 to 12 or more. 
Dorsal spines soft and flexible, the longest about equaling snout; soft dorsal somewhat elevated, 
the longest rays equaling distance from tip of snout to pupil; anal similar to soft dorsal; caudal some- 
what lunate, the upper lobe the longer, about 1.8 in head; ventral short, reaching barely half way to 
origin of anal; pectoral broad, reaching past tips of ventrals, its length 1.3 in head. 
Color in alcohol, dirty yellowish brown on head and body, marbled with light and darker; side 
above lateral line with a series of about 5 roundish white spots as large as pupil, and numerous smaller 
irregular, less distinct white spots; side below lateral line with about 10 or 12 large rounded white 
spots and numerous small white specks and irregular markings, these especially distinct in pectoral 
region; head with similar white specks and markings; dorsal fin brown with irregular paler spots; 
membrane between first and second dorsal spines black; soft dorsal with a large brownish black spot 
at base of last 5 or 6 rays; anal similar to soft dorsal, blotches not so distinct; a series of black blotches 
at bases of rays, the one on last ray larger than others, covering base of last membrane; ventrals 
brownish, dusky at tip, a paler interspace; pectoral dusky, dark at base and in axil, pale on tip. 
The only specimen known is the type No. 50850, 10.5 inches long, obtained at Honolulu in 1889. 
Calotomus snyderi Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 467, fig. 25, Honolulu (Type, No. 50850, 
U. S. Nat. Mus., field No. 1369). 
Genus 169. SCARIDEA Jenkins. 
Jaws subequal, the lower barely included; gill-membranes broadly joined to the isthmus, and not 
forming a fold across it; upper lip double for only about half its length; lateral line continuous; 1 
row of scales on the cheek; teeth white, distinct in anterior portion of each jaw, in more than 1 
series irregularly imbricated; lateral teeth in upper jaw small, in a single series, the tips free, the 
bases coalesced; lateral teeth in lower jaw large, distinct, but close-set, in a single series; posterior 
canines present; dorsal spines pungent. 
This genus is related to Calotomus in the character of the teeth, but differs from it in having stiff, 
pungent dorsal spines, in this agreeing with Sparisoma. From Scarichthys Bleeker it differs in having 
pungent spines, in having the upper lip double for only a portion of its length, and in the distinct 
teeth. From Callyodontichthys Bleeker it is distinguished by the included lower jaw and the distinct 
teeth in upper jaw. Two species known. 
Scaridea Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 468 ( zonarcha ). 
a. Anal and caudal mottled; head comparatively long, 3 in length; eye large, 3.7 in head zonarcha , p. 343 
aa. Anal and caudal without mottling; head shorter, 3.25 in length; eye smaller, 5 in head balid, p; 344 
272. Scaridea zonarcha Jenkins. Fig. 146. 
Head 3 in length; depth 2.75; eye 3.7 in head; snout 2.6; mandible 3.7; interorbital 5; preorbital 
5.6; D. ix, 9; A. ii, 9; P. 12; scales 2-24-5, 19 tubes before the bend. 
Body compressed, the dorsal outline more convex than the ventral, the highest portion at third 
dorsal spine; head nearly as deep as long; mouth horizontal, in axis of body; lips thin, the upper 
double for only a part of its length, the lower double for only a short distance; lips covering only 
bases of teeth; eye moderate, its lower border above axis of body; interorbital somewhat narrower 
than eye, slightly convex; caudal peduncle 2.6 in head. 
Jaws subequal, the lower slightly included; teeth white, distinct on anterior portion of each jaw 
and in more than 1 series, irregularly imbricated; lateral teeth in upper jaw small, in a single series, 
