FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
861 
Genus 172. ANTIGONIA Lowe. 
Body very deep, the depth much greater than the length of body, which is excessively compressed 
and covered with moderate-sized, firm, rough ctenoid scales; profile from nape to dorsal very steep 
and nearly straight; surface of head above with rough bony strife; preopercle and suborbital bones 
armed with slender antrorse spines; mouth small, its cleft nearly verticle; premaxillary with a very 
long process, extremely protractile, perhaps less so than in Capros; lower jaw projecting; upper jaw 
somewhat protractile; maxillary broad, scaly; small, very slender teeth on jaws in 1 row, none on 
palate; chin rough; preopercle with rough strife, becoming antrorse spines below; cheek deep, covered 
with rough scales, opercle short, scaly; branchiostegals 6; gill-membranes separate, free from the 
isthmus; lateral line concurrent with the back; fin spines stiff and strong; dorsals united, the third 
spine stout and elevated, the sixth or last spine shortest, lower than the soft rays, the fin thus distinctly 
notched; soft dorsal and anal similar, long and low, none of the rays produced; anal spines 3, joined 
to the fin, the first longest; base of dorsal and anal with a sheath of small rough scales extending on 
the fin spines and slightly on the rays, not on the membranes; caudal peduncle short and deep, deeper 
than long; caudal short, squarely truncate; ventrals strong, of moderate length, at lowest point, of 
ventral outline, well behind pectorals and directly below spinous dorsal, which is at highest point of 
dorsal outline; ventral spine large, roughened anteriorly; pectoral moderate, not falcate. Species few, 
in waters of moderate depth. 
Antigonia Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1843, 85 (capros). 
Caprophonus Muller & Troschel, Horse Iehthyologise, III, 1845, 28 (aurora). 
Hypsinotus Schlegel, Fauna Japoniea, Poiss., 84, pi. xlii, fig. 2, 1844, ( rubescens ). 
290. Antigonia steindachneri Jordan & Evermann. Plate XLV. 
Head 3.35 in length; depth equal to length; eye 3 in head; snout, 3.2; maxillary 4.2; interorbital 
3.3; D. viii, 36; A. hi, 33; scales 16-71-40. 
Body very deep, compressed; back elevated, trenchant; abdomen deep, trenchant; upper profile 
concave in front of eye above to occipital process, then concave to spinous dorsal; snout short, blunt, 
rounded; , mouth small, nearly vertical; jaws small, lower protruding; teeth small, pointed, uniserial; 
eye large, superior, nearly in middle of length of head; preorbital and interopercle spiny along margins; 
anterior nostril with valve, the posterior larger, circular; gill-opening large, gillrakers small; pseudo- 
branchife and gill-laminae large; dorsal spines sharp, third longest, 1.5 in bead, others graduated to 
last, which is about 2 in snout; anterior dorsal rays longest, 3.5 in head; first anal spine longest, 2.8, 
others graduated to last; caudal small, truncate, 1.7; pectoral 1.2, upper rays longest, and posterior 
margin straight; ventrals 1.6, spine very large, strong, front margin asperous, and nearly as long as 
fin; caudal peduncle compressed, its depth 2.7; scales small, roughly ctenoid; head roughened, espe- 
cially above; basal scales of soft dorsal and anal rough; lateral line arched, nearly conforming with 
upper profile, running along middle of side of caudal peduncle. 
Color in life (No. 03492) bright light salmon-pink, nape, back of head, and down to ventrals deeper 
red, behind the bar from dorsal to ventral a pale shade; fins pale crimson, caudal paler with darker 
red tip; iris red. 
Color in alcohol very pale brown, almost uniform. 
Described from an example (No. 03701), 7.6 inches long, from Kailua. We have 2 other examples 
(Nos. 03492 and 03702), each about 6.8 inches long, taken by us at. Hilo. The species is taken with 
hook and line occasionally in rather deep water off Hawaii; otherwise known from Japan only. 
Antigonia capros Steindacliner, Fenks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, XLIX, 1885, 187, taf. v (off Tokyo); not of Lowe. 
Antigonia steindachneri Jordan & Evermann in Jordan & Fowler, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXV, 1903, 522, Kailua. 
Family LXX1I. ZEID7E. — The John Dories. 
Body short, deep, much compressed and elevated, naked or covered with minute smooth scales, 
or with bony protuberances. Mouth large, terminal, the upper jaw protractile. Teeth small, in 
narrow bands or single series on the jaws and vomer and sometimes on the palatines. Eyes lateral, 
placed high; opercle much reduced; some of the bones of head usually with spines; preopercle not 
serrate; post-temporal very firmly attached to the skull; lower limb adnate for its whole length, the 
