380 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
fine, brushlike, trilobed, the lateral lobes much shorter than the median, all being sharply pointed; 
pseudobranchiae large; gillrakers 5+15, slender, pointed. 
Scales large, regular, strongly ctenoid, those on snout, chin, and interorbital space minute; dorsal, 
anal, and caudal densely scaled; lateral line arched over the pectoral, extending along back near base 
of dorsal, disappearing near end of soft dorsal fin; dorsal spines growing gradually longer from the 
second to the last, the first half as long as the second, the last equal in length to distance between tip 
of snout and posterior border of eye; membranes of first 5 spines notched, membrane between first 
and second spines nearly cleft to base, t he notches growing successively more shallow between the 
following spines; membranes between first and third spines without scales, the scaled area beginning 
behind third spine; fin rounded posteriorly, its edge reaching a vertical through base of caudal; third 
anal spine longest; membranes between spines deeply cleft, without scales except on a narrow area 
along the base; third spine closely attached to rayed portion of fin; posterior edge of fin pointed, 
extending nearly to a vertical through middle of caudal; edge of caudal truncate or slightly convex; 
tips of rays without scales; ventrals sharply pointed, the first ray being filamentous at tip, extending 
to origin of anal; pectoral when depressed extending to a vertical through vent. 
Color in alcohol, light brown with a yellowish tinge; lips, interorbital area, chin, and throat some- 
what, dusky; membranes covering suborbital and opercular spines dark; scales of body with rather 
indistinct dusky edgings; a round, brownish black spot somewhat larger than eye, just above base of 
pectoral; dorsal narrowly edged with black, the border widening on posterior edge to form a well- 
marked spot; anal narrowly bordered with pearly white, posterior part of fin blackish; spine and first 
ray of ventral pearly white; caudal with upper and lower borders dusky, the lower part much the 
darker, the central area yellowish; pectorals immaculate. 
Color in life, bright reddish orange, posterior two-thirds suffused with dusky; spot above pectoral 
brownish black; preopercular spine dark blue; dorsal and anal colored like body, the dorsal narrowly 
edged with black, the black spot on posterior part with an indistinct boundary; anal With a broad 
blackish margin narrowly edged with blue on the outside; middle of caudal lemon-yellow; pectorals 
orange; ventrals orange suffused with dusky near margins, spine and first ray pearly blue. 
Different examples vary somewhat in intensity of color. Small specimens have a broad lemon 
band on the anal edged above and below with blue, the outer blue line narrowly edged with black. 
Type, No. 50881, U. S. Nat. Mus., a specimen measuring 3.25 inches; cotype, No. 7738, Stanford 
Univ. Mus., from station 4032 off Diamond Head, Oahu, depth 27 to 29 fathoms. Other specimens 
are from station 3847, southern coast of Molokai; stations 3872 and 3876, between Maui and Lanai; 
stations 4031, 4033, and 4034, southern coast of Oahu, in 14 to 43 fathoms. 
The following measurements are recorded in hundredths of the length measured from snout to 
base of caudal fin: 
Station 4032. 
Station 3876. 
Length (in millimeters) to base of caudal fin 
56 
58 
54 
51 
44 
Head to edge of opercle 
.30 
.28 
.29 
.29 
.30 
Opercular spine 
. 11 
.125 
.11 
.105 
. 10 
Fourth dorsal spine 
.13 
.125 
.12 
.13 
.13 
Seventh dorsal ray 
.19 
.18 
.19 
.185 
.19 
Third anal spine 
. 19 
.16 
. 165 
.16 
.15 
Ninth anal ray 
.23 
.20 
.195 
.22 
.20 
Length of caudal 
.26 
.25 
.23 
.235 
.26 
Length of pectoral 
.23 
.24 
. 22 
.24 
.25 
Length of ventral, including filament 
.32 
.26 
.27 
.29 
.30 
Holacanthus fisheri Snyder, Bull. D. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Jan. 19, 1904), 532, pi. 11, fig. 21, Albatross Station 4032 oft 
Diamond Head, Oahu. 
308. Holacanthus bicolor (Bloch). Fig. 165. 
Head 4 in length without caudal; depth 2; eye about 4 in head; snout 3; interorbital 3; D. xvi, 
15; A. in, 17; scales about 3-45-19, the longitudinal series counted below lateral line. 
Body ovoid, deep, compressed, dorsal and ventral outlines evenly arched; dorsal spines graduated, 
the last longest, about 1.5 in head; third ventral spine long, about 1.2 in head; middle rays of soft 
dorsal and anal produced, the tips very sharply angulated, the dorsal almost filamentous; caudal 
