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BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
spinal bone projecting before dorsal; anal similar to soft dorsal, long, with its anterior rays produced; 
a small antrorse spine before anal; caudal peduncle unarmed, the tin lunate; pectoral short; ventrals 
pointed; intestine long; coracoid bones largely developed; vertebrae reduced in number, 9+13=22; 
air-bladder large; branchiostegals 4; pyloric coeca 14. 
One species, widely distributed about the rocky islands of the Pacific. 
Genus 178. ZANCLTJS Cuvier & Valenciennes. 
Characters of the genus included above. The generic name Pornacaullms Lacepede belongs prop- 
erly to this genus, as the first species placed in that composite group by its author is the Cksetodon 
canescens of Linnaeus. The name Zanclus occurs still earlier in Lacepede’ s work, though not formally 
accepted. It is, however, by reason of priority, properly adopted by Bleeker. 
Zanclus (Commerson Ms.) Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 172, 1803 ( cornutus ). 
Pomacanthus Lacepede, 1. e., 517 ( canescens , etc.). 
Zanclus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 102, 1831 (cornutus). 
Gonopterus Gronow, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 77, 1854 ( moerens ). 
Gnathocentrum Guichenot, Ann. Maine et Loire, IX, 1866, 4 (centrognathum; young). 
309. Zanclus canescens (Linnaeus). “Kihikihi .” « Plate LVII. 
Head 2.6 in length; depth 1.25; eye 4.25 in head; snout 1.5; maxillary 5; interorbital 4.2; D. ii, 
47; A. hi, 35. 
Body very deep, rather short, compressed, back elevated; head deep, compressed, pointed; upper 
profile steep, oblique; jaws long, conic, produced, equal; mouth small, terminal; teeth slender, pointed, 
pungent in outer series, those inside jaws very fine; eye small, high, above posterior third of head; 
nostrils small, anterior, with small fiap; margin of preopercle finely serrate; interorbital space moder- 
ately broad, with short spine in front of each eye above nostrils; dorsal spines very short, strong, 
second longest ; anterior dorsal rays elongate, first very long, enlarged, filamentous, much longer than 
entire fish; first and second anal spines short, third elongate, 1.30 in head; pectoral 1.25; -ventral 1.2, 
pointed; ventral spine sharp, 2; depth of caudal peduncle 3; caudal rather small, broad, margin nearly 
straight; scales very small, ctenoid, crowded, extending out on basal portions of dorsal and anal; ven- 
trals roughened on spine and basal portion of rays; lateral line high, arched, running down on middle 
of side of caudal peduncle to base of caudal. 
Color in alcohol, creamy white, a broad black band including space to interorbital, down below 
eye, side of chest, base of pectoral, ventrals, and anus; a black band beginning on upper dorsal ray, 
running down on posterior part of side, broadening out below, on longest anterior anal rays; caudal 
black except fora lunate white margin; a black band from interorbital space to tip of snout, extending 
down on side of snout inclosing a triangular pale area; lower lip and chin black; a narrow white tri- 
angle on forehead, its lower base running across interobital space; a creamy white band from front of 
eye to throat narrowly margined with white extending down to middle of breast more than half way 
to ventrals; a curved gray line from below gill-opening bending down and out, nearly to base of ven- 
tral; second black transverse band with posterior submarginal white line; black of caudal bordered in 
front with white; anterior part of soft dorsal grayish, outer portion behind second black band white, 
narrowly margined with black; anal similar to dorsal; pectoral grayish; ventrals black. 
Described from an example 6 inches long taken at Hilo (No. 04548). In smaller examples the 
anterior line on breast is continued up behind eye forming an angle before spinous dorsal on side of 
back in front. From below base of pectoral a whitish line down to anus. 
This species is very common about the coral reefs, and is often brought into the market. It has 
been frequently recorded from the Hawaiian Islands, and specimens have recently been obtained by 
Jenkins, by the Fur Seal Commission, by us, and by the Albatross at Honolulu, Puako Bay, and Lay- 
san Island. Our very complete series of 63 specimens contains but 1 from Hilo, all the others being 
from Honolulu. Length 3 to 7 inches. 
Chxlodon canescens Linnseus, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 272, 1758, Indes; after Artedi; young. 
Chxtodon cornutus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 273, 1758, Indes; after Artedi; adult. 
Zanclus cornutus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 102, 1831 (Carolines, Sandwich Islands, Tongatabu, Vani- 
colo, Celebes); Gunther, Cat., II, 493, 1860 (Amboyna, Ceram, Sandwich Islands); Jordan & Evermann, Fish. North 
a The name “ Kihikihi ” is from “ kihi,” angle, applied to the horns of the crescent moon. 
