FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
895 
together in front of eye, anterior larger, with small fleshy flap; last dorsal spine 1.5 in head, anterior 
spines graduated to last; fourth dorsal ray 1.5; caudal rather deep, emarginate, upper rays longer; 
pectoral a little longer than head; ventral sharp-pointed, 1.2; caudal peduncle compressed, its least, 
depth 2.5; caudal spine very small, short, strong, 3 in head; scales very small, ctenoid, very few on 
vertical fins; lateral line high, arched at first below first, dorsal spines, then very slightly convex to 
below middle of soft dorsal and along middle of side of caudal peduncle. 
Color in alcohol, dull purplish gray, darker on back above; chin, breast, belly and lower surface 
of caudal peduncle creamy white; side with 5 narrow blackish vertical lines; first from occiput to eye, 
passing down below' to anterior lower edge of preopercle; second from first dorsal spine to pectoral, 
continued down and back toward spinous anal; third beginning at. sixth dorsal spine, running down 
to a little in front of spinous anal; fourth beginning at base of first dorsal rays and running down to 
first anal rays; fifth beginning at first third of soft dorsal, running down to first third of soft, anal; 
upper portion of caudal peduncle with a short narrow blackish saddle; brown longitudinal line sepa- 
rating creamy area of lower surface from dark color above, running along side of throat and abdomen 
backwards; vertical fins dusky brown; pectoral brownish; ventrals grayish on outer portion, basal ly 
white. Described from an example (No. 03347) taken at Honolulu. 
A series of specimens showing all stages of growth from the larval to the adult form was secured. 
In the young measuring about 20 mm. the body is perfectly transparent except a broad, vertical 
silvery band extending across the head and visceral region. Anterior edge of band passes obliquely 
downward and backward, just in front of orbit, to a point a little in advance of insertion of anal fins. 
The posterior boundary extends from nape, behind axil of pectoral, to insertion of anal. Between the 
lateral line and the pectoral is a posterior prolongation of the silvery band, about as large as eye. 
Nape, interorbital space, and a narrow band at. base of caudal dusky; a row' of dark dots along base of 
anal and a dusky spot on tip of caudal. The dusky, vertical bands of adult are first seen faintly out- 
lined in the young of 31 mm. length; in others, no larger, the color pattern of the adult is perfectly 
developed. In the young the snout is shorter, anterior profile more rounded, and body deeper than 
in adult.; head and body covered with long, narrow, vertically placed, scale-like plates; first dorsal 
spine serrated on anterior edge. Shortly after assuming the adult color, the length being about. 32 mm., 
the serrations of the spine disappear and the plates are replaced by minute scales. 
Teuthis elegans Garman is the young of this species. Living examples of the larval form are 
almost perfectly transparent except the silvery area and dusky spots, there being no blue or red tints. 
This species is excessively abundant among the Hawaiian Islands about the reefs and in rocky 
pools. On comparison with examples of Hepatus triostegus from Okinawa, Japan, and from Samoa, 
it differs in all the salient characters pointed out by Streets. To the Hawaiian species, Hepatus sand - 
vicensis, belong the specimens recorded by Jordan and Evermann from Clarion and Socorro islands. 
Those of Samoa and Polynesia generally are Hepatus triostegus. 
Our very large series of specimens contains 88 from Honolulu, 82 from Hilo, 109 from Kailua, 
and 4 from Waianae. Specimens were obtained by the Albatross at. Honolulu; Waialua Bay, Oahu; 
Hanalei Bay, Kauai; Puako Bay, Hawaii; Hilo; Necker Island; and Laysan Island. 
Aeanthurus triostegus , Gunther (in part), Cat., Ill, 327, 1861; Fische der Siidsee, IV, 108, 1876 (Sandwich Islands); Smith & 
Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns., V, 1882, 138 (Johnston Island); Steindachner, Denks. Alt. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 1900, 493 
(Honolulu; Laysan); not of Linnaeus. 
Aeanthurus triostegus var. sandvicensis Streets, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 7, 1877, 67, Honolulu (Type, No. 15398, U. S. N. M. ). 
Teuthis triostegus, Jordan & Evermann, Pish North & Mid. Amer., II, 1690, 1898 (Clarion and Socorro islands) ; Fowler, Proc. 
Ac; Nat. Sci. Phila. 1900, 513 (Oahu, Sandwich Islands). 
Teuthis elegans Garman, Deep Sea Fishes, 70, plate L, fig. 2, 1899, off Cocos Islands at the surface; larval form. 
Teuthis sandvicensis, Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 479 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 
1904), 533 (Honolulu; Waialua Bay, Oahu; Hanalei Bay, Kauai; Puako Bay, Hawaii; Hilo; Necker Island; Laysan 
Island). 
Genus 180. ZEBRASOMA Swainson. 
This genus differs from Hepatus in the short spinous dorsal of 4 or 5 graduated spines; soft dorsal 
high; snout short, projecting at an angle. 
Zebrasoma Swainson, Nat. Hist. Anim., II, 256, 1839 ( velifer ). 
Scopas Kner, Novara Fische, 212, 1865 ( scopas ). 
