FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
427 
rays; dorsal more or less in front of anal; caudal rounded; vertebrae usually 8+10=18; a ring muscle 
about the eye forming eyelids; distinguished from Spheroides by the solid nasal tentacle. 
Tetraodon Linnseus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, 332 (lineatus) . 
Les Ovoides Lacepede, Hist. Nat.- Poiss., I, 1797, 256 (fasti:; French names only); based on front view of Tetraodon stellatus. 
Ovum Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Iehth., 1801, 530 ( commersoni ); after Lacepede; name preoccupied in mollusks. 
Ovoides Dumeril, Zool. Analytique, 1806, after Lacepede. 
Oonidus Rafinesque, Analyse de la Nature, 1815, 90 (substitute for Ovum). 
Arothron Muller, Abh. Berl. Akad. 1839, 252 ( tedudinarius— reticularis ). 
Les Epipedorhynques ( Epipedorhynchus ) Bibron, Rev. Zool., 1855, 279. 
Les Dilobomycteres ( Dilobomyctcr ) Bibron, 1. c. ( reticularis , etc.). 
Les Dichotomy cteres (Dichotomyder) Bibron, 1. c. (fluviatiUs; no diagnosis). 
Brachycephalas Hollard, Gymnodontes, 1867, 324. 
Crayracion Bleeker, Atlas Gymnod., 65, after Klein 1742; type spengleri, erroneously supposed to belong to this group. 
a. Interorbital space concave; dorsal ray 9; belly often with longitudinal dark or colored lines hispidus , p. 427 
aa. Interorbital flat or convex; dorsal rays 10; body with small white spots above and below lacrymatus, p. 429 
350. Tetraodon hispidus Linnaeus. “ Oopuhue “ Maki-rnaki;” u Keke.” Plate LXVI. 
Head 2.9; depth 3; eye 5.75; snout 2; preorbital 2.9; interorbital 2.4; D. 9; A. 10; P. 17; C. 8. 
Body rather short and stout, heavy forward, tapering evenly when not inflated, to the caudal fin; 
head broad, its width at gill-openings about 1.3 in its length ; snout moderate, broad, the anterior profile 
somewhat concave; interorbital space concave, the orbital rims prominent; nostril a short, bifid ten- 
tacle in front of eye; lips tubercular, in about 3 rows, scarcely covering teeth; teeth white, strong, 
strongly convex anteriorly, the lower jaw slightly included; gill-opening short, about as long as eye; 
body covered more or less uniformly with small, slender, bristle-like prickles, generally but not always 
present in the young, usually disappearing more or less with age. The variations in this character are 
entirely too great to leave it any morphological value. Some young examples not exceeding 3 inches 
in total length have the entire body profusely covered with slender, weak spines, usually longest and 
strongest on the belly, and weakest on the caudal peduncle, middle of back and top of snout. Exam- 
ples similarly spiny are found among individuals of all sizes up to 7.5 or 8 inches in length. Other 
examples of similar range in size are almost wholly without prickles; if any at all are present they 
will be found in a scattered patch on each side of the vent and a few on lower jaw. In an example 13 
inches long prickles are present on most of the body, the naked areas being the sides of caudal 
peduncle, the cheeks, snout, interorbital, and prepectoral region. In another example of the same 
size nearly smooth, only a few scattered prickles are evident. Dorsal fin rounded, 2.5 in head, dis- 
tance of its posterior base from caudal fin 1.6 in head; anal with its anterior rays longest, the free edge 
oblique, the longest rays 2.6 in head; caudal rounded, 1.75 in head; pectoral broad, 2.9 in head. 
Color in life of one specimen, light olive-green, with spots of pearly or bluish white which are 
smallest on tail; gill-openings black, with bright yellow curved streaks; belly with parallel stripes of 
light olive, growing fainter below; belly sometimes plain white, sometimes with yellow stripes cover- 
ing it completely; prickles all white; yellow and black lines under pectoral; fins bright olive-yellow 
without spots except on caudal which has a few on basal portion; axil black, with a yellowish white 
border; posterior part of side sometimes 6 or 8 vertical white bars; no spines on snout, tail, lower jaw, 
or on region about vent and anal fin. 
Another example in life was light olive-green with pearly white spots, smallest on tail; region 
about gill-opening black with bright yellow curved streaks; belly with parallel stripes of faint olive 
growing fainter below; belly sometimes plain white; prickles all white; fins bright olive-yellow with- 
out spots except on caudal, which has a few on basal portion; snout with a small dark edged bluish 
spot; no spines on snout, tail, lower jaw, or on region about vent and anal fin. 
Another example in life was light olive-green with pearly white spots, smallest on tail; region 
about gill-opening black with bright yellow curved streaks; belly with parallel stripes of light olive, 
growing fainter below ; spines all white; belly white, often without stripes in the young; fins bright 
olive-yellow without spots except base of caudal; nose with a small dark edged bluish spot; no spines 
on snout or tail or region about vent, anal fin or lower jaw. 
Still another example was described in life by Doctor Jenkins as golden olive above, white below; 
bluish-white spots about as large as pupil over top of head and back, becoming smaller on caudal ped- 
uncle and caudal fin; 2 white concentric rings around eye; one distinct and one or two other less 
