FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
437 
Paradiodon novemmaculatus, Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., V, 57, pi. 206, fig. 3,1865 (Priaman, Sumatra; Batu; Nias; Singapore; 
Badjoa, Manado, Celebes; Kajeh, Buro; Amboyna; New Guinea). 
Paradiodon quadrimacidatus, Bleeker, op. ci t . , 58 pi. 212, fig. 2, 1865 (Lawajong, Solor, Amboyna). 
Diodon maculatus Gunther, Cat., VIII, 307, 1870, St. Croix, Jamaica, Panama, South America, Sandwich Islands, China, 
Sooloo Sea, Indian Ocean, East Indies, Amboyna, Cape of Good Hope, Bourbon, Formosa; Steindachner, 
Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 1900, 518 (Laysan). 
Diodon holacanthus, Jordan and Evermann, Fish. North & Mid. Amer., II, 1746, 1898 (La Paz). 
360. Diodon hystrix Linnaeus. Fig. 192. 
Head 2.9; depth 4; eye 4.5; snout 2.5; preorbital 4; interorbital 1.4; width of head 1.1; width of 
body at base of pectorals 1.1; D. 12; A. 12; C. 10; P. 23. 
Body stout and heavy forward, tapering posteriorly; anterior profile from tip of snout to inter- 
orbital region concave; interorbital very broad and nearly flat, scarcely convex; eyes large, oblique, 
farther apart posteriorly; mouth broad, its width 3 in head; dental plates strong, the edge blunt and 
rough, not much convex at middle; gill-opening vertical, short, with a broad anterior flap; nostril in a 
short, simple lube with 2 openings, one smaller and more lateral than the other. Body covered with 
strong, sharp, erectile spines, longest in the post-pectoral region, where they equal distance from eye to 
gill-opening; those on nape about 2 in eye; those on belly usually short but more slender than those 
on back; those on posterior part of back and on tail short and 3-rooted, and therefore not erectile; 
snout naked; sides of caudal peduncle naked ; about 6 spines on dorsal side of caudal peduncle back 
of dorsal fin and 2 on ventral surface posterior to anal fin. 
Color in alcohol, light brown, pale or yellowish-white below; entire upper part of head and body 
Fig. 192. — Diodon hystrix Linneeus; alter Jordan and Evermann. 
and also sides covered thickly with small round or roundish black spots, smallest and most numerous 
on snout, fewest on caudal peduncle; belly with a few small dark spots on belly; a broad dark band 
across under side of head, convex forward; tins all profusely marked with small dark spots. 
Occasionally taken among the Hawaiian Islands. We have examined a specimen 20 inches long 
taken by the Albatross at Honolulu in 1896, one 25 inches long, and another of 10 inches obtained in 
1889 by Doctor Jenkins; and 2 examples 20 and 21 inches long, respectively, secured by us at Honolulu, 
where other examples were collected by the Albatross in 1902. Smith and Swain record it also from 
Johnston Island. 
Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 335, 1758, India (after Artedi); Smith & Swain, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 
141 (Johnston Island); Jordan & Evermann, Fish. North & Mid. Amer., II, 1745, 1898; Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish 
Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 489 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 1904), 535 (Honolulu). 
Diodon atinga, Bloch, Ichthyologie, IV, 75, pi. 125, 1787; not of Linnaeus. 
Diodon plumieri LaeCpfede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., II, 10, pi. 3, fig. 3, 1800, Martinique; on a drawing by Plumier. 
Diodon brachiatus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 513, 1801. 
Diodon punctatus Cuvier, M&m. Hist. Nat., IV, 132, 1818, no locality. 
Diodon echinus Rafinesque in Bonaparte, Cat. Met. Pise. Eur., 87, 1846, Mediterranean; no description. 
Diodon attinga Rtippell, Verzeichn. Senckenb. Mus. Samml. Fische, 35, 1852. 
Holocanthus hystrix Gray, Cat. Fish, Coll. Gronovv, 27, 1854 (African and American oceans). 
Paradiodon hystrix Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., V, 56, pi. 207, fig. 2, 1865 (Batavia, Java; Telokbetong, Sumatra; Batu; Makassar, 
Celebes; Larantuka, Flores; Timor; Ternate; Amboyna; Wahai, Ceram; Banda)? 
? Diodon spinosissimus, Gunther, Cat., VIII, 307, 1870 (Cape of Good Hope; Siam), 
