FISHES OF HAWAII AN ISLANDS. 
439 
next 3-rooted, and the last with a very long anterior root and 2 very short lateral roots; no spines on 
cheek; middle of belly with very low spines having long and strong anterior roots; caudal peduncle 
crossed by 2 bony plates, the anterior formed by the inner roots of the spine on each side of dorsal fin, 
the posterior being the bifid bony base of a single median short spine, which disappears with age; a 
small, slender, supraocular cirrus near base of middle supraocular spine, this sometimes obscure; spines 
of back each often with broad but short dermal flap posteriorly, these sometimes obscure or wanting. 
Fins all rounded; dorsal high, its height about 2 in head; caudal long, its rays about 1.8 in head; anal 
similar to dorsal, a little lower; pectoral very broad, its edge nearly truncate, its depth 1.2 in distance 
between eye and gill-opening. 
Color in alcohol, dark brownish or olivaceous above, yellowish white below, the color on back 
distributed in indistinct clouds; side with 4 broad dark brown bars extending downward from the 
dark upper parts, the first under eye, the second in front of pectoral, the third under posterior half of 
pectoral, and the fourth in front of vertical of dorsal fin; entire back and upper parts of sides with 
numerous small round black spots, less than half diameter of pupil, these more sparse anteriorly, 
especially on interorbital and snout, sometimes few or none on snout; 2 or 3 spots in front of gill- 
opening, and 1 or 2 sometimes on cheek; under parts immaculate; caudal peduncle sparsely spotted; 
fins all very closely covered with small, round brownish black spots, much smaller than those on 
body. 
The collection contains 3 excellent specimens of this fish, which agree so perfectly with Gunther’s 
description of C. affinis that we have no hesitancy in identifying them with that, species. Gunther’s 
specimen was a stuffed skin 15 inches long, from an unknown locality. 
We have compared our examples with a specimen from Tokyo, Japan (Coll. K. Otaki), and one 
from the Galapagos Islands (Coll. Snodgrass and Heller), both of which were thought by Jordan and 
Snyder and by Snodgrass and Heller to be identical with C. califomiensis Eigenmann, from San Pedro, 
California. We have not been able to examine the type of C. califomiensis, but this identification is 
probably correct, although Doctor Eigenmann states that his specimen had no cirri or tentacles any- 
where and the color appears to be somewhat different. In any case all our specimens are certainly 
referable to Gunther’s C. affinis, which is the oldest available name. 
This species reaches a large size, our longest example exceeding 20 inches in length. It does not 
appear to be common among the Hawaiian Islands, and was not obtained by Jenkins, Streets, nor any 
previous collector. Snyder records it as having been obtained at Honolulu by the Albatross, but fails, 
curiously, to give any further information. 
Diodon tigrinus Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss. , 288, pi. cxxvm, fig. 1, 1842, Nagasaki; not of Cuvier. 
Chilomycterus affinis Gunther, Cat., VIII, 314, 1870, locality unknown (type, a stuffed skin 15 inches long, in British Museum) ; 
Snyder, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Jan. 19, 1904), 535 (Honolulu). 
Chilomycterus califomiensis Eigenmann, Amer. Nat., V, 1891, 1133, San Pedro, California; Jordan & Snyder, Review of Gym- 
nodont Fishes of Japan, in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 1901, 258 (Tokyo; Galapagos Islands); Snodgrass & Heller, 
Proc. Wash. Ac. Sei., VI, 1904 (Jan. 31, 1905), 415 (Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island). 
Family LXXXI. MOLIDdi. — Head Fishes. 
Body oblong or more or less short and deep, compressed, truncate behind, so that there is no 
caudal peduncle. Skin rough, naked, spinous, of tessellated. Mouth very small, terminal; teeth com- 
pletely united in each jaw, forming a bony beak without median suture, as in the Diodontidx. Dorsal 
and anal fins similar, falcate in front, the jiosterior parts more or less perfectly confluent with the 
caudal; no spinous dorsal; no ventral fins; pelvic bone undeveloped; pectorals present. Belly not 
inflatable; gill-openings small, in front of pectorals; an accessory opercular gill; no air-bladder. 
Fishes of the open seas, apparently composed of a huge head to which small fins are attached; 
found in most warm seas, pelagic in habit, and reaching a very large size. The very young are vari- 
ously shortened in form and armed with spines. The flesh of these fishes is coarse and tough and not 
used for food. 
Genus 199. RANZANIA Nardo. 
Body oblong, the depth about one-half height; skin smooth, tessellated, divided into small hex- 
agonal scutella; caudal truncate. Otherwise essentially as in Mala. The larval forms are unknown. 
Pelagic. 
Ranzania Nardo, Ann. Scl. Regn. Lombard., Venet., V, 1840, 10, 105 ( truncatus ). 
