FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
453 
Cirrhitus alternatus Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pbila. 1862, 122, Hawaiian Islands (young). 
Cirrhites marmoratus, Bleeker, Verh. Koninkl. Ak. Wet., XY, 1875, 3 (Sumatra; Amboyna); Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 
XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23. 1903), 491 (Honolulu), Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 1904), 527 (Honolulu; Puako Bay, Hawaii). 
Cirrhites (Cirrhitichthys) maculatus, Steindachner, Denks Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 1900, 490 (Honolulu; Laysan). 
Suborder LORICATI. — The Mail-Cheeked Fishes. 
This group is distinguished by a single peculiar character, -the extension of the third suborbital 
bone across the cheek to or toward the preopercle. From the Craniomi, an offshoot from the same 
group in which the development of the suborbital stay is carried much farther, the present group is 
distinguished by the normal character of the shoulder-girdle. 
Family LXXXIV. CARACANTHID.-E. 
This family is closely related to the Scorpsenuhe, from which the species differ in the weak, com- 
pres.sed body and feeble fins. The osteology has not yet been studied. Lower pectoral rays detached. 
Genus 207. CARACANTHUS Kr^yer. 
Head and body very compressed, naked or with small tubercles or prickles; snout very short, 
truncated; no scales; several bones of the head strongly armed; the preorbital and the interopercle 
with a strong spine, directed downward; two separate or continuous dorsals, the first with 8 (7) 
spines, anal with 2; no pectoral filament; ventrals rudimentary; villiform teeth in the jaws only; 
branchiostegals 5; no aperture behind the fourth gill. 
Micropus Gray, Zool. Miscl., 20, 1831 ( maculatus ): name preoccupied by Micropus Wolf, 1810, a genus of birds. 
Caracanthus Krpyer, Naturhist. Tidsskr., I, 1844, 267 ( typicus ). 
Amphiprionichthys Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., VIII, 1855, 170 ( apistus ). 
Centropus Kner, S. B. Ak. Wien, 1860, 3 ( stawrophorus ). 
Crossoderma Guichenot, Nouv. Arch. Mus., V, 1870, 194 ( madegascariense ). 
a. Dorsal fins separated to the base; reddish brown, with red spots maculatus, p. 453 
aa. Dorsal fins fully connected; color plain darker brown unipinna, p. 454 
375. Caracanthus maculatus (Gray). Fig. 198. 
Head 2.75 in length; depth 1.8; snout 3.75 in head; eye 4.4; interorbital 5.5; width of mouth 2.5; 
D. viii, 12; A. ii, 12; P. 15; V. i, 2. 
Body deep, elevated, com pressed,, its greatest depth at ventrals; head deep, compressed; snout 
blunt, steep, rather long; eye small, high, in first third of head; mouth broad, somewhat low, without 
deep lateral cleft; lips thick, fleshy, mandible slightly produced; teeth fine, in bands; interorbital 
space convex; nostrils close together in front of eye, each with raised rim; preorbital with large 
pointed spine directed down and backward, depressible in a groove; margin of preopercle with 5 
