FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
473 
392. Ceph.alacanth.us orientalis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). “Lo/o-oau.” Fig. 208. 
Head 4.1 in length; depth 5.5; snout 2.5 in head; eye 4; mouth 2.5; maxillary 2.2; mandible 2.3; 
interorbital 2; D. i — i, v-i — 8; A. 7; P. 33; V. 5; scales 47.-21. 
Body elongate, depressed, rather broad, lower surface flattened; head broad, depressed, quad- 
rangular; side of head above produced backward in a long bony shield till below fourth dorsal spine; 
snout short, rounded, obtuse, slightly produced; eye midway between tip of snout and gill-opening, 
elevated; bones about orbit thick, those above elevated, mouth inferior, maxillary reaching nearly 
below middle of eye; lips thick, fleshy; teeth blunt, small, in bands in jaws, none on vomer and pala- 
tines; tongue broad, thick, rounded, hardly free; anterior nostril with small fleshy rim, posterior nos- 
tril higher, without rim; interorbital space broad, deeply convex, flattened in the middle; a spine on 
lower surface of head pointing backward over preoperele; preopercle ending in a long pointed spine 
which reaches nearly to the origin of the ventrals; dorsal spines rather slender, first very long, 2.8 in 
Fig. 208 . — Cephalacanthus orientalis (Cuvier & Valenciennes) 
trunk, its base nearly midway between posterior margin of eye and gill-opening, 2 free spines in front 
of dorsal; second dorsal spine very short, third much longer, and fourth 1.5 in head; last dorsal spine 
short, keel-like; origin of soft dorsal a little in advance of middle of space between base of first dorsal 
spine and base of caudal ; anal short, without spines, and its origin nearly midway between base of 
caudal and gill-opening, or a little behind origin of soft dorsal; caudal truncate, about 1.2 in head; pec- 
toral large, very elongate, reaching tip of caudal, ends of the long median rays ending in rather short 
filaments; ventral originating just behind base of second dorsal spine, and not reaching anus, 1.2 in 
head; anus with papilla; caudal peduncle long, depressed, its length nearly equal to head; scales large, 
each with a keel, so that longitudinal series are formed; lower side of trunk posterior to anus with 4 
of the keel-like scales enlarged, the last on base of caudal below, also a keel-like scale on upper base of 
caudal. Described from an example (No. 04088) taken at Hilo. 
