FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
477 
Family XCI. CHAMPSODONTID/E. 
We place provisionally in a separate family a single genus, Champsodon, apparently allied on the 
one hand to Uranoscopus and on the other certainly to the Chiasmodontidse, with which Doctor Bou- 
lenger places it; but the real affinities of Chiasmodon are equally uncertain. The family characters are 
included below. 
Genus 226. CHAMPSODON Gunther. 
Body rather elongate, fusiform, covered with small, rough, warty, scarcely imbricate scales; belly 
naked; head flat above, with vertical sides; cheeks and snout scalv; eyes rather small, high, and near 
together, mostly directed upward; a small cilium over each eye; mouth large, very oblique, the lower 
jaw projecting; both jaws with slender teeth of unequal size, some of those below longest, many of 
them long, slender, depressible canines; a few teeth on vomer, none on palatines; upper jaw with a 
double notch at tip; preopercle with a strong, curved spine at its angle, the spine about as long as eye, 
the ascending limb with small teeth; opercle rounded, unarmed; preorbital broad, with a flat, tliree- 
lobed spine; top of head with a low ridge on each side from snout to nape; gill-openings wide, the 
gill-membranes separate, free from the isthmus; isthmus long and narrow, not. forming a hump; gill- 
rakers slender, of moderate length; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; suborbitals not dilated; lateral 
lines 2, the lower curved upward over pectoral, both with lateral vertical branches; the cross-rows of 
tubes on the back more conspicuous than the lateral lines; dorsal fins 2, the first short., the second 
long, similar to anal; pectoral small and narrow, placed high; ventrals i, 5, the middle rays longest, 
inserted before pectorals, but joined to the shoulder girdle by ligament only; caudal forked. 
The single Hawaiian species of this family is fully described in Section II. 
Champsodon Gunther, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, 102 ( vorax ). 
Family XCI I. HARPAGIFERIDrE. 
This family is allied to the Callionymidse, resembling them in external characters though differing 
very widely in the armature of the head, the preopercle being entire, the opercle and suboperele 
reduced, each consisting mainly of a nearly straight, sharp, simple spine; the gill-openings are much 
wider than in Callionymus, but the gill-membranes are broadly united to the isthmus; no lateral line; 
no scales. Drciconetta has much in common with Bembrops and Pteropsaron. 
Genus 227. DRACONETTA Jordan & Fowler. 
The characters of the genus are included above. The single Hawaiian species is fully described 
in Section IT. 
Draconetta Jordan & Fowler, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXV, 1903, 939 ( xcniea ). 
Family XCI.I1. CALUQNYMIDAE.— Dragonets. 
Body elongate, naked; head broad and depressed; the mouth narrow, the upper jaw very pro- 
tractile; teeth very small, in jaws only; peropercle armed with a strong spine; opercle unarmed; 
eyes moderate, usually directed upward; lateral line present, often duplicated; dorsal fins 2, some- 
times united at base, the anterior with 4 flexible spines; soft dorsal and anal short, the latter 
without distinct spine; ventrals i, 5, jugular in position, widely separated; pectoral fins large; gill- 
openings small, the membranes broadly attached to the isthmus; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; 
pseudobranchife present; no air-bladder; vertebra; usually 8+13=21. Sexes notably different in 
color; dorsal fin higher in the male. Small fishes of the shores of warm seas, chiefly of the Old 
World, allied to the Trachinidse, according to Boulenger, but resembling the Cottidx in form. 
a. Preopercular spine simple, sharp, spear-like, with serrate edge, but without recurved hooks above or at 
tip Calliurichthys , p. 478 
aa. Preopercular, spine not simple, with recurved tip, and with one or more recurved hooks above. 
b. Ventrals entire, the outer ray not detached; head depressed; gill-opening reduced to a very small foramen on upper 
surface of head; lateral line single Callionymus , p. 478 
