478 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
Genus 228. CALLIURICHTHYS Jordan & Fowler. 
This genus differs from Callionymus in the character of the preopercular spine, which is long, 
simple, straight or curved, and serrulate, but without recurved hooks above. A small antrorse spine 
at its base below; in the typical species *the caudal tin is greatly elongate. The dorsal spines are 
graduated backward, at. least the first 2 being elongate. The single Hawaiian species of this genus is 
fully described in Section II. 
Calliurichthys Jordan & Fowler, Proe. tJ. S. Nat. Mus., XXV, 1903, 941 (japonicus) . 
Genus 229. CALLIONYMUS Linnaeus. 
This genus includes dragonets with the ventral fins entire, without detached ray, the gill-opening 
reduced to a small foramen, opening upward, and the. lateral line single; head triangular, depressed; 
eyes directed upward; preopercular spine very large, hooked at tip and with one or more recurved 
spines above, a small antrorse spine at its base below; operele unarmed; sexual differences strongly 
marked. Species numerous, living on the bottoms in warm seas. The few species in America live at 
a considerable depth; in the Mediterranean, in India, and in Japan they are shore fishes, swarming 
in all bays and living in shallow water. The 3 Hawaiian species of this genus are fully described in 
Section II. 
Callionymus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10,249, 1758 (lyra). 
Group GOBIOIDEI. — The Gobies. 
Body elongate, variously scaled or naked, head usually large, armed or not, the suborbital ring 
without a bony stay for the preopercle; gill-openings reduced, the membranes attached to the isthmus; 
gills 4, a slit behind the last; pseudobranehhe present; ventral rays i, 4 or i, 5, inserted below the 
pectoral, the fins close together or united, widely separated or otherwise peculiar; dorsal fins separate 
or united, the first of a few weak spines, sometimes wanting; anal rather long, usually with a single 
weak spine, similar to soft dorsal; caudal rounded; usually no air-bladder nor pyloric coeca. Vertebrae 
24 to 35. Carnivorous bottom fishes, mostly of small size in warm regions, some marine, others of the 
fresh waters. Three families. 
Family XC1V. GOBI IDT 
Body oblong or elongate, naked or covered with ctenoid or cycloid scales; dentition various, the 
teeth generally small, but sometimes developed into great canines; prefnaxillaries protractile; sub- 
orbital without bony stay; skin of head continuous with covering of eyes; eyes usually moderate, 
sometimes concealed; operele unarmed; preopercle unarmed, or with a short spine; psendobranchise 
present or absent; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; gill-membranes more or less united to the isthmus, 
the gill-openings thus restricted to the sides; no lateral line; dorsal fins separate or connected, the 
spinous dorsal short, of 2 to 8 flexible spines, or sometimes wanting; anal usually with a single weak 
spine, the fin similar to soft dorsal; ventral fins close together, separate or united, each composed of a 
short spine and 3 or 4 soft rays, the inner rays usually longest; the ventral fins, when united, form 
a sucking disk, a cross-fold of skin at their base completing the cup; caudal fin convex; anal papillae 
prominent; no pyloric cceca; usually no air-bladder. Carnivorous fishes, mostly of small size, living 
on the bottom near the shore in warm regions. Some inhabit fresh waters and others live indiscrimi- 
nately in either fresh or salt water; many of them bury themselves in the mud of estuaries. Few of 
them are large enough to be of much food value. The species are for the most part easily recognized, 
but their arrangement in genera is a matter of extreme difficulty. 
a. Ventrals separate; spinous dorsal present. 
b. Preopercle with one or more spines; sides of head scaled. 
c. Preopercle with one concealed spine at lower angle, hooked forward; scales small Eleotris, p. 479 
cc. Preopercle with 4 or 5 straight spines at lower angle, directed backward; scales large Asterropteryx, p. 480 
bb. Preopercle without spines. 
d. Sides of head naked; no papillary ridges Eviota, p. 481 
dd. Sides of head scaled, with various ridges of papillae Gobiomorphus, p. 483 
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