FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
479 
aa. Ventrals more or less united. 
c. Inner edge of shoulder-girdle without flaps. 
f. Ventral disk not adnate to body. 
g. Body scaled anteriorly as well as posteriorly. 
h. Teeth one-rowed, some of them canine-like; scales large Gobiopterus, p. 482 
hh. Teeth in more than one row; usually no canines. 
i. Side of head without scales. 
j. Last dorsal spine not conspicuously distant from those in front of it; dorsal spines 6. 
k. Upper ray of pectoral silk-like; anal short, of about 9 rays; middle rays of caudal not greatly pro- 
duced, body rather robust Mapo, p. 483 
kk. Upper ray of pectoral not silk-like: anal long, of about 15 rays; middle rays of caudal greatly pro- 
duced; body more elongate; upper teeth one-rowed. Gobiichthys , p. 485 
jj. Last dorsal spine conspicuously distant from those in front of i.t; body elongate; dorsal spines 7. 
Vilraria, p. 486 
it. Side of head more or less scaly. 
I. Upper rays of pectoral silk-like, free from rest of fin; scales small Chalmydes, p. 486 
II. Upper rays of pectoral not free from rest of fin; scales large Gnatholepis, p. 487 
gg. Body naked anteriorly, a very few scales posteriorly (typically wholly naked) Kdloggella,\\A 88 
ff. Ventral disk adnate to the belly. 
m. Body covered with small ctenoid scales Sicydium, p. 489 
mm. Body entirely naked Lentipes, p. 491 
ee. Inner edge of shoulder-girdle with dermal flaps; body scaly, head naked; tongue adnate) Aivaous, p. 491 
Genus 230 ELEOTRIS (Gronow) Schneider. 
Body long and low, compressed behind; head long, low, flattened above, without spines or crests, 
almost everywhere scaly; mouth large, oblique, lower jaw projecting; lower pharyngeals rather broad, 
the teeth small, bluntish; preopercle with a small concealed spine below, its tip hooked forward; 
branchiostegals unarmed; eyes small, high, anterior; isthmus broad; tongue broad, rounded; post- 
temporal bones very strongly divergent, their insertions close together; top of skull somewhat elevated 
and declivous; interorbital area slightly convex transversely; dorsal fins well apart, the first of 5 or 
6 low, flexible spines; ventrals separate; scales moderate, ctenoid, 45 to 80 in a longitudinal series; 
vertebrae ( pisonis ) 11+15. Tropical seas, entering fresh waters. 
Eleotris Gronow, Zooph. 83, 1763 (nonbinomial). 
Eleotris Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 65, 1801 (pisonis). 
Culms Bleeker, Archiv N£erl. des Sc. Soc. Holl., IX, 1874, 303 (fuscus). 
394. Eleotris sandwicensis Yaillant & Sauvage. “Oopu.” Fig. 210. 
Head 2.7 in length; depth 4.25; eye 7 in head; snout 3.8; interorbital 3.25; D. vi, 10; A. n, 8; P.17: 
V. i, 5; scales 70 to 80—20. 
Body elongate, depressed in front, compressed behind, greatest depth about middle of belly; head 
elongate, very broad, depressed, its width 1.4 in its length, and its depth 1.65; snout blunt, broad, 
depressed, 3.9 in head; mouth large, oblique, 2.8 in head; lips thick, fleshy; mandible large, slightly 
projecting; teeth tine, sharp-pointed, in rather broad bands in jaws; no teeth on vomer and palatines; 
tongue rather broad, free, truncate; preopercle with a small curved spine at its angle, forward and 
more or less concealed in the skin; interorbital space broad, flattened; nostrils well separated, ante- 
rior in a short tube; eye high, in first third of head, more or less lateral; gill-opening rather large, 
oblique; scales very small, ctenoid, and extending on top of head; no lateral line; dorsal fins well 
separated, fourth dorsal spine longest, 2.5 in head; first dorsal ray 3.65, sixth 2.3; anal inserted a 
little behind origin of soft dorsal, first ray 3.4, seventh 2.1; caudal elongate, middle rays longest, 1.5, 
rounded; pectoral rather broad, short, lower median rays the longest, 1.75; ventral 2.2; caudal pedun- 
cle long, compressed, 1.7, its depth 3; anal papilla present. Description from an example (No. 04591) 
taken at Hilo. 
Color in life (No. 03024) dirty brownish throughout, belly paler; fins all dark; soft dorsal nar- 
rowly white-edged. 
Color in alcohol dark dusky brown, lower surface pale brown with dusky on lower surface of 
head, 2 blackish streaks across cheek, 1 from lower rim of eye backward and the other just below; 
fins grayish dusky, upper margin of spinous dorsal whitish; edges of soft dorsal, anal, and caudal 
grayish. 
