FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
489 
ones slender, straight, the outer enlarged, especially several toward front of sides of jaw, which are 
canine-like and bent backward; teeth of upper jaw similar, with fewer canines; vomer and palatines 
without teeth; eye anterior, high; top of head flat, interorbital space narrower than pupil; gill-opening 
low, restricted, and slightly oblique; body apparently scaleless, a few very minute scales on posterior 
part; first to fifth dorsal spines about equal in length, about 1 to 1.35 in head, last shorter; base of 
dorsal about equal to head; middle caudal and pectoral rays longest, former pointed, least depth of 
caudal peduncle 2J in head. 
Color in alcohol, plain brown, everywhere minutely punctate with black; about 12 dark brown 
vertical bars on side, those on caudal peduncle very indistinct, and all much wider than the narrow 
pale interspaces; generally 1 or 2 rather poorly defined similar bands across nape; several short 
radiating bands from lower border of eye. 
One of the smallest of fishes. Described from the type, 17 mm. (0.67 inch) in length, taken at 
Honolulu by Doctor Jenkins. We have examined 10 examples from Waianaeand 13 from Honolulu. 
The Albatross also obtained 2 specimens at Honolulu. 
Enypnias oligolepis Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 504, fig. 45, Honolulu (type, No. 50715, 
U.S.N.M.; coll. O. P. Jenkins); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 1904), 536 (Honolulu). 
Genus 241. SICYDIUM Cuvier & Valenciennes. 
Body subcylindrical, covered with rather small ctenoid scales; head oblong and broad, with cleft 
of mouth nearly horizontal; upper jaw prominent; snout obtusely rounded; lips very thick, the lower 
with a series of numerous slender horizontal teeth, of which sometimes only the extremities are visible; 
upper jaw with a single uniform series of numerous movable small teeth attached by ligament to edge 
of maxillary; behind this outer visible series numerous other parallel series of young teeth hidden in 
the gums, and succeeding the former as they become worn out or broken; lower jaw with a series of 
widely set conical teeth; teeth all simple, slender, the distal half bent inward nearly at a right angle; 
eyes of a moderate size; 2 dorsal fins, the anterior with 6 (5 to 7) flexible spines; caudal quiie free; 
ventrals united into a short cup-shaped disk; gill-openings of moderate width; 4 branchiostegals. 
Sicydium Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XII, 168, 1837 ( plumieri); Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. PJiila. 1860, 101. 
a. Seales rather small, 80 to 85 longitudinally; head comparatively short, 4.6 in length; dorsal and anal each with 12 
rays stimpsoni, p. 489 
aa. Scales larger, about 65 longitudinally; head longer, 4 in length; dorsal with 15, and anal with 18 rays. 
albotseniatum , p. 490 
405. Sicydium stimpsoni Gill. “Oopu.” Fig. 216. 
Head 4.6 in length; depth 4; eye 7 in head; snout 2.6; interorbital 2.3; D. vi-12; A. 12; C. 16; 
P. 18; scales 80 to 85-22. 
Body long and slender, compressed only posteriorly, head short, snout blunt, ascending abruptly 
then in a uniform curve to origin of dorsal fin; interorbital broad, concave; mouth horizontal, broad, 
its width 1.6 in head; lower lip with a fringe of short sette; teeth of lower jaw unequal slender 
canines, an anterior larger pair, and usually a rather large tooth on each side; teeth of upper jaw in a 
single close-set series, more or less concealed in the gums; eye very small, high up; snout prominent, 
projecting beyond the short lower jaw; gill-opening vertical, its length 2 in head. 
Scales finely ctenoid, much reduced and crowded on nape, belly, anterior parts of body, and base 
of caudal fin; head entirely naked. 
Fins well developed; dorsals and anal very high in adult males, the anterior spines and the last 
rays being produced and filamentous, length of second dorsal spine 1.4 to 2 times length of head; base 
of spinous dorsal 1.6 in head, and somewhat exceeding distance between dorsals, anterior dorsal rays 
l. 4 to 2 in head; last dorsal rays produced, their length somewhat less than longest dorsal spine, or 
about 1.4 times the head; anal similar to soft dorsal, rays shorter, the posterior one longest, 1.2 in 
head; caudal long, more or less pointed in the males, rounded in the females and young, the middle 
rays 1.2 to 1.5 times head, pectoral broad, bluntly pointed, the lateral rays short, the middle rays 
equal to head; ventral disk broad, its width scarcely less than its length, which is about 1.6 in head, 
disk free laterally and behind, the length of the posterior free portion about 2.8 to 3 in head. 
Color in life of a specimen 2 inches long from Heeia, dark greenish olive; back and upper parts 
of s'des crossed by about 14 black bars, these sometimes in pairs, head and cheeks vermiculated with 
