FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
513 
upper rim of orbit, each with a short fleshy tube; several bony elevations in front and above lower 
eye; interorbital space deep, concave; from the posterior portion of each eye are 2 fleshy filaments; 
gill-opening large, gillrakers small; scales covering head except on lips, about eyes and part of ir.ter- 
orpital space; small scales extending upon greater portion of dorsal and anal and caudal i*ays; pectoral 
and ventral without scales, lateral line strongly arched for a short distance in front, then straight to 
base of caudal; extremities of most all dorsal rays free, those anteriorly on head free for greater part 
of their length; dorsal beginning well forward on snout, first ray 3.2 in head, second 1.9, third 1.6, 
fourth 2, sixtieth 2.5; anal somewhat similar to dorsal, only anterior rays with their extremities short, 
first 4 in head, fortieth 2.6; caudal elongate, middle rays pointed, 1.3; pectoral very long, the upper 
rays produced beyond the caudal for a distance equal to depth of caudal peduncle; membranes of pec- 
toral extending only for a short distance; ventrals close together, left larger, its base 1.8 in head, first 
ray 3, second 2.6, third 2.1, fourth 1.25; right ventral with base 5, first ray 3.7, fifth 2.8; right pec- 
toral 1.7; caudal peduncle rather deep, compressed, 2.8. Described from an example (No. 05303) from 
Honolulu. 
In life (No. 03257) was sand color, the ocelli light grayish brown, bluish gray, and some with 
blackish edgings; fins similar. Color, when fresh, of examples from Hilo, centers of large ocelli clear 
deep yellow; some other spots and marks of yellow, besides grayish, bluish, brown and blackish; 4 
yellow spots above and 4 below lateral line in series; then centers of ocelli above noted. 
Color in alcohol, grayish brown on the left side, with numerous pale blue rings of spots bordered 
with dusky; a large dusky blotch at beginning of straight portion of lateral line and another about 
midway in the latter; everywhere small indistinctly defined whitish spots; dorsal pale gray with 12 
large brownish spots formed on bases of rays, rest of fin speckled with brownish and whitish; anal 
similar to dorsal with 8 large brownish spots formed on bases of rays; caudal speckled with whitish 
and brown, base with pale blue spots; pectoral rays pale gray with brownish cross-lines, membrane 
black with white reticulating lines; ventral grayish with brown and whitish spots; right side yellowish 
white, scales on side of head with brown dots. 
Young examples have short pectorals and are deeper. The variation in scales is as low as 67 in a 
lateral series in one small example; others are found with 75 or 80. This species is common among 
the Hawaiian Islands. The collection contains 39 examples from Honolulu and 20 from Hilo, ranging 
in length from 1.5 to 7.75 inches. Specimens were obtained by Doctor Jenkins in 1889 and by the 
Albatross in 1902. 
Rhombus pantherinus Riippell, Atlas Reis. Nordl. At., Fische., 121, pi. 31, fig. 1, 1828, Red Sea; Streets, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 
No. 7, 57, 1877 (Honolulu Harbor). 
Passer marchionessarum Valenciennes, Voy. Venus, 344, pi. 9, 1850, Marquesas Islands. 
Rhombus sumatranus Bleeker, Verb. Bat. Gen., XXIV, 1852, 14, Sumatra. 
Rhomboidichthys pantherinus, Gunther, Cat., IV, 430, 1802 (Mauritius; Madagascar; Amboyna; Fiji Ids.); Streets, Bull. U. S. 
Nat. Mus., No. 7, 57, 1877 (Honolulu); Gunther, Rep. Shore Fish., Challenger, Zool., I, Part VI, 01, 1880 (Honolulu). 
Platophrys pantherinus, Steindachner, Denlts. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 1900, 511 (Honolulu); Jenkins, Bull. U.S.Fish Comm., 
XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 510 (Honolulu). 
Rhombus parviman as Bennett, Proc. of the Committee Zool. Soc. London, I, 1830-1, 168, Mauritius. 
Platophrys mancus, Jordan & Snyder, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus., XXVII, 1904, 940 (Honolulu). 
428. Platophrys mancus (Broussonet). 
Head 3.28 (4.25) in length; depth 2 (2.25); D. 98; A. 78; scales about 95; Br. 6. 
Body elliptical, the profile continuous with the dorsal curve, the snout projecting, and the nasal 
bones forming a prominent knob; ventral outline a regular and gentle curve from gill-opening to cau- 
dal peduncle; lower jaws produced beyond upper, a pointed knob below and behind symphysis. 
Head not much higher than long; mouth moderately oblique, small for a large-mouthed species, the 
maxillary reaching little beyond anterior rim of eye, 2.66 in head; pointed teeth in 2 series in each 
jaw, those of the inner and larger series becoming somewhat smaller posteriorly, the teeth on maxil- 
lary not extending as far back on the blind side; the outer series of few small teeth; eyes small, the 
lower orbit 7 in head, the upper one slightly smaller; lower orbit wholly in advance of upper, the 
concave interorbital space 2.83 in head; orbital rim a sharp ridge without distinct knobs. Nostrils 
apparently wanting; cheeks and opercles more or less scaly; gillrakers rather long, the length of long- 
est 2 in upper orbit; 10 on lower part of arch, none above. Scales cycloid, not deciduous, similar on 
F. C. B. 1903—33 
