FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
517 
usually with strong teeth; gill-openings comparatively large, in the lower axil of the pectorals; 
pseudobranchiae present; gillrakers none; gills 3; skin mostly smooth, naked, with many dermal 
flaps about the head; spinous dorsal of 3 isolated, tentacle-like spines on the head, and 3 smaller ones 
behind, forming a continuous fin; second dorsal moderate, similar to the anal; pectoral members 
scarcely geniculated, each with 2 actinosts and with elongate pseudobrachia ; ventrals jugular, i, 5, 
widely separated, large, much enlarged in the young. Young with the head spinous; pyloric coeca 
present. Two genera, with 4 or 5 species, living on sea bottoms, at moderate or great depths; 
remarkable for their great voracity. 
Genus 264. LOPHIOMUS Gill. 
This genus is closely allied to Lapkins in external characters, but it is strikingly distinguished by 
the reduced number of its vertebrre, which are only 18 or 19, a fact associated with its tropical habitat. 
The single Hawaiian species is fully described by Doctor Gilbert in Section II. 
Lophiomus Gill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 552 (setigerus). 
Family CVII. ANTENNAKI ID/E. - Frog Fishes. 
Head and body more or less compressed; mouth vertical or very oblique, opening upward; lower 
jaw projecting; jaws with cardiform teeth; premaxillaries protractile; gill-openings small, pore-like, 
in or behind the lower axils of the pectorals; no pseudobrancliite; gills 21 or 3; skin naked, smooth, 
or prickly; pectoral members forming an elbow-like angle; pseudobrachia long, with 3 actinosts; 
ventral fins- present, jugular, near together; spinous dorsal of 1 to 3 serrated, tentacle-like spines; soft 
dorsal long, larger than anal; pyloric cceca none. Inhabitants of tropical seas, often living on or among 
floating seaweed, and enabled, by tilling the capacious stomach with air, to sustain themselves on the 
surface of the water; therefore widely dispersed by currents in the sea. 
a. Head compressed; a rostral spine or tentacle, followed by 2 larger spines; palatine teeth developed; dorsal spines 
disconnected. 
6. Skin covered with prickles; ventrals short Antennarius , p. 517 
aa. Head cuboid; a single rostral spine or tentacle received in a groove; soft dorsal low Chaunax, p. 523 
Genus 265. ANTENNARIUS Commerson. 
Body oblong, compressed, very deep through the occipital region, tapering behind; breast tumid; 
mouth rather large, more or less oblique, or even vertical; cardiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and pala- 
tines; eye small; skin with small granules or spinules, these usually forked, and often with numerous 
fleshy slips; first dorsal spine developed as a small rostral tentacle; second and third dorsal spines 
strong, covered with skin, often with numerous fleshy filaments; soft dorsal high and long; anal short 
and deep; caudal fin rounded, the peduncle free; pectoral fin wide, with a rather wide wrist, at the 
lower posterior angle of which are the very small gill-openings; ventral fins short. Fantastic-looking 
fishes, often gayly colored. Very numerous in warm seas. 
Antennarius Commerson in LacepCde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., I, 323, 1798; footnote only; not accepted by Laeepede. 
Histrio Fischer, Zoognosia, 3d ed., I, 1813, 70, 78. Definition incorrect; through a slip of the pen, “corpus depressum” 
written instead of “corpus compressum.” No type mentioned. Fischer’s Lophius histrio (Bloch, IV, 10, pi. cxi) 
is a true Antennarius according to Dr. Gill, probably A. scabef. 
Les Chironectes (Antennarius Commerson) Cuvier, Regne Animal, 1st ed., I, 310, 1817; Ed. 2d, II, 251, 1829. Chironectes pre- 
occupied in mammals by Chironectes Illiger, 1811. 
Batrachops Goldfuss, Handbuch Zoologie, 1820 (substitute for Chironectes). 
a. Bait long and slender, when depressed reaching middle of second dorsal spine. 
b. Eye comparatively small, about 3.5 in snout sandvicensis, p. 518 
bb. Eye larger, about 2.5 in snout commersonii, p. 518 
c. Anal with 6 rays leprosies, p. 519 
cc. Anal with 7 rays laysanus, p. 520 
aa. Bait shorter, when depressed not reaching middle of second dorsal spine. 
d. Bait longer than first dorsal spine. 
e. Bait terminated by a filament bigibbus p. 520 
ee. Bait terminated by a fleshy knob or caruncle. 
/. Second dorsal spine closely bound down to the back, movable only at the tip drombus, p. 521 
ff. Second dorsal spine not bound down to the back, movable to an upright position duescus, p. 522 
dd: Bait not as long as first spine nexilis, p. 623 
