528 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
Gold-fish ( Carassius auratus ). — These fish were introduced originally from China, 
but there is no record as to the date. As early as 1867 shipments were being’ made 
to San Francisco. They are raised principally in the irrigation ditches around Hono- 
lulu, but a few are also found on the larger of the other islands, especially on Maui, 
near Wailukc. They are sold alive in the market, and are eaten mainly by the Chinese 
and Japanese. 
Salmon . — In 1876 some salmon and trout eggs wire sent to Honolulu by the 
California Fish Commission in exchange for 100 awas, which it was designed to plant 
in California waters. There is no record of the outcome of the experiment. 
Trout . — The first attempt to introduce trout was that above mentioned, in 1876. 
In 1801 a consignment of 1,000 brook trout ( Salvelinus fontin alls) was secured from 
the California Fish Commission and planted in Waimea River, on Kauai, but the fish 
were soon lost sight of. Similarly, nothing was ever seen or heard of a dozen trout 
brought to Hilo in 1896 and planted in Wailuke River near Rainbow Falls. As the 
streams either dry up entirely in the dry season, or become mere pools, in which the 
water gets very warm, they are not suited to trout, which require pure, cold water. 
Frogs . — The date of the introduction of frogs is uncertain, but it is known that 
some were brought to the islands previous to 1867. During that year a shipment 
from California was placed in the fresh waters around Honolulu. In the Honolulu 
Pacific Commercial Advertiser, under date of September 1, 1869, appeared the 
following item: 
Mr. C. P. Ward has imported a few frogs and placed them in a pond at “Sunny South,” his conn 
try residence at Pawaa [Oahu]. Some years since the agricultural society introduced some, which 
were placed in taro patches near Dr. Hillebrand’s residence, and soon disappeared — supposed to have 
been killed by the rats. 
In October, 1879, a shipment of 6 dozen frogs, brought from Contra Costa 
Count} 7 , Cal., in a barrel with a little water, was landed at Hilo. The frogs were of 
two varieties, one dark green and the other mottled, and were planted in various 
places around Hilo, where they soon became abundant. In 1900 a few were taken for 
market, and the following year a few were shipped to Honolulu. It is probable that 
catching them for market will soon prove remunerative. 
Frogs were soon introduced on most of the other islands, and are said to have 
greatly assisted in the decrease of sickness among the numerous herds of cattle, 
particularly on Kauai, by keeping stagnant pools clean and eating the fluke (Fasciola 
hepatica), a worm which infests the grass and slime in and around the pools. Cattle 
and sheep eating the grass swallow the fluke, which works its way into the liver, 
sometimes killing the animal. Frogs have also assisted materially in thinning out 
some of the noxious insects. 
Terrapin . — A species of terrapin was introduced by the late Charles Arnold, of 
Hilo, about 1890. Several individuals have been caught since, but nothing has been 
seen or heard of any during the last few years. 
Oysters . — Although it had been transplanted to the Pacific coast, it was not at 
first supposed that the eastern oyster would stand transportation as far as Honolulu. 
An attempt was apparently made in 1871, but without any. important results. 
In 1883 Mr. Allan Herbert, of Honolulu, purchased 300 eastern oysters at San 
Francisco and planted them at IvaJihi, but a heavy freshet from the stream covered 
