532 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISII COMMISSION. 
waters of the Pacific coast of the LTnited States, and from California into the Plawaiian Islands, where 
it is now a common fish in the ponds, rice ditches, and more sluggish streams on Oahu and Hawaii. 
Pimelodus nebulosus Le Sueur, MSm. Hist. Nat. Paris, V, 149, 1819, Lake Ontario. 
Amiurus nebuloms, Gill, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1861; 44; Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North & Mid. Amer., I, 140, 
1896. 
Order EVENTOGNATHI. — The Carps. 
Plectospondylous fishes with the lower pharyngeal falciform, parallel with the gill-arches; 2 upper 
pharyngeal bones; brain-case produced between orbits; jaws without teeth; dorsal fin present; no 
adipose fin; ventrals abdominal; gill-openings restricted, the gill-membranes attached to the isthmus. 
Streams and lakes of North America, Europe, and Asia, the species excessively numerous. 
Family CYPRINID7E.— The Carps. 
Cyprinoid fishes with the margin of the upper jaw formed by the premaxillaries alone and the 
upper pharyngeal bones well developed, falciform, nearly parallel with the gill-arches, each provided 
with 1 to 3 series of teeth in small number, 4 .to 7 in the main row, and a smaller number in the 
others, if more are present; head naked; body scaly except in a few genera; barbels 2 or 4, or absent; 
belly usually rounded, rarely compressed, never serrated; gill-openings moderate, the membrane 
broadly joined to the isthmus; branchiostegals always 3; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; 
pseudobranchiae usually present; no adipose fin; dorsal fin short or elongate; ventral fins abdominal; 
air-bladder usually large, commonly divided into an anterior and a posterior lobe, not inclosed in a 
bony capsule, rarely wanting; stomach without appendages, appearing as a simple enlargement of the 
intestines. Fishes mostly of moderate or small size, inhabiting the fresh waters of the Old World and 
of North America. 
Genus CABASSIUS Nilsson. 
Body oblong, compressed and elevated; mouth terminal, without barbels; teeth 4-4, molar but 
not compressed; scales large; lateral line continuous; dorsal fin very long, with the third ray 
developed into a stout spine, which is serrated behind; anal short, with a similar spine; ventrals well 
forward. Large fishes of the fresh waters of Europe and America. 
Carassius Nilsson, Prodromus Ichthy. Scand., 1832 ( carassius ). 
Carassius auratus (Linnaeus). Goldfish. 
D. ii, 18; A. ii, 7; scales 26; teeth 4-4. 
Body stout, covered with large scales; dorsal and anal fins with the spines strong, coarsely serrated. 
Coloration olivaceous, usually orange, or variegated in domestication. Length 12 inches. China and 
Japan, and introduced into the Hawaiian Islands. 
We have specimens from Honolulu, Heeia, a stream at Moanalua, and Kilihi Creek. The variations 
are innumerable. 
Cyprinus auratus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 322, 1758, China; Japan. 
Carassius auratus , Gunther, Cat., VII, 32, 1868. 
Family OPHICEPHALIILE. 
Body elongate, anteriorly subcylindrical, covered with scales of moderate size; head depressed, 
covered with shield-like scales superiorly; lateral line with an abrupt curve, or subinterrupted; cleft 
of the mouth lateral, wide; teeth in the jaws and on the palate; eyes lateral; gill-opening wide, the gill- 
membranes of both sides joined below the isthmus; 4 gills; pseudobranchise none; a cavity accessory 
to the gill-cavity for the purpose of retaining water, a superbranchial organ not being developed; air- 
bladder present; one long dorsal and an anal fin, without spines; ventral fins absent, or thoracic, 
and composed of 6 rays, the outer of which is not branched; vertebrae in considerable number (52-61); 
the caudal vertebrae are provided with ribs, the abdominal cavity being continued to below the caudal 
portion. 
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