THE AMAZON VALLEY. 
435 
determined their limits to the south and east, by the 
observations I made, and the information I obtained 
in my voyage up the Uaup&. Again, on the Uaycali 
there is a district marked on the maps as the Pampas 
del Sacramento,^’ which has been supposed to be an 
open plain; but the banks of the Amazon up to the 
mouth of the Uaycali are clothed with thick forest, and 
Messrs. Smyth and Lowe, who crossed the Pampa in two 
places, found no open plains ; and from their observa- 
tions and those of Lieut. Mawe we must extend the fo- 
rest district up to near Moyabamba, west of the Hua- 
llaga, and to the foot of the mountains east of Pasco and 
Tarma. I was informed by a native of Ecuador, well ac- 
quainted with the country, that the Napo, Tigre, Pastaza, 
and the adjacent rivers all flow through dense forest, 
which extends up even to Baeza and Canelos and over 
all the lower slopes of the Andes. Tschudi informs us 
that the forest districts commence on all the north and 
east slopes of the Andes of Peru, near Huanta, and at 
Urubamba north of Cuzco. I have learnt from a gen- 
tleman, a native of La Paz, that immediately on crossing 
the Bolivian Andes from that city and from Oropessa 
and Santa Cruz, you enter the great forests, which ex- 
extend over all the tributaries of the Madeua. Traders 
up the Purus and all the southern branches of the 
Upper Amazon, neither meet with, nor hear accounts of, 
any open land, so that there is little doubt but that the 
extent here pointed out is one vast, ever-verdant, un- 
broken forest. 
The forests of the Amazon are distinguished from 
those of most other countries, by the great variety of 
F F 2 
