530 
APPENDIX. 
with that of the Loucheux at the mouth of the Mackenzie 
Kiver. 
These are the two most remarkable instances of a wide and 
irregular distribution of language known to investigators ; and 
next to these comes_, as already stated^ that of the Guarani 
tongues. 
It matters little from what point we begin to consider them. 
Perhaps the mouth of the Amazons is as convenient as any. 
If this be our starting-point^ we may follow the coast south- 
wardsj and in the direction of the River Plate. In nine cases 
out of teUj as often as the earlier Portuguese adventurers came 
upon an Indian population occupying the sea-shore^ that po- 
pulation spoke a language which they called Tupi, Tupimki, 
Tupii\2imb\, or something similar in the way of a compound of 
the root tupj and which they found to be intelligible with the 
forms of speech spoken in several distant districts elsewhere. 
If they landed on the parts about Bahia, the language was 
akin to what they had previously heard at Olinda, and what 
they would afterwards hear at Rio J aneiro : and so on along 
the whole sea-board. Hence, there were Tupi forms of speech 
as far north as the Island of Marajo, Tupi forms of speech as 
far south as Monte Video, and Tupi forms of speech in all 
(or nearly all) the intervening points of coast. The fishermen 
of the Laguna de los Patos spoke Tupi. The Cahetes of Bahia 
did the same. So did the Tamoyos of the Bay of Rio Janeiro, 
and so the Tupinaki, Tupinambi, and Tupinaes- — the Tupi 
Proper so to say. This made the Tupi pass for the leading 
language of Brazil ; so long at least as Brazil was known 
imperfectly, or along the sea-coast only. 
It was soon however noticed that, as a general rule, the 
Tupi was spoken to only an inconsiderable distance inland, i. e. 
until one got to the Province of San Paolo, going southwards. 
In Goyaz, in the hill-ranges of Pernambuco, Bahia, Porto 
Seguro, etc., came forms of speech which those who spoke 
the Tupi separated from their own, — forms of speech of the 
