582 
APPENDIX. 
and it was throngli tlie Tupi of Brazil that the Portuguese 
did the chief part of their Indian trading : facts which fa- 
voured the formation of a Lingua Franca on a Tupi- Guarani 
basis. 
At present we have seen the Indians of this family following 
the coast or the water-system of the Plata. But there is 
another series of fact connected with their distribution^ clear 
and patent enough to have been known to the earlier philolo- 
gists^ such as Hervas and his contemporaries. The extension 
of populations akin to the Tupi- Guarani was just as great 
along the course of the Amazon as it was along that of the 
Parana^ — just as greats and probably greater. It was also 
spread along the feeders of the Amazon ; the southern feeders^ 
and the northern feeders of that river. By the southern feeders 
the line ran towards the system of the Parana_, by the north- 
ern towards that of the Orinoco. So that as far northwards 
as the equator_, and as far south as Buenos Ayres^ Tupi- Gua- 
rani were to be found. More than this^ as the Amazon arises 
on the Andes^ and as its head-waters were Tupi-Guaranq the 
extension of that family from east to west was as remarkable 
as its diffusion from south to north. Still it gives us the 
hem of the garment^ the fringe of the carpet_, rather than the 
carpet or the garment itself. It gave the circumference of a 
circle rather than the parts pertaining to the centre. I call it a 
circle for the sake of illustration ; for the sake of showing that 
there were a vast class of distinct and different languages which 
it had more or less completely surrounded. In reality the 
outline was irregular, formed in the main by the Ocean and 
the Amazons, but with long processes attached to it ; dipping 
in towards the centre on one side^ and flying off from the 
periphery on another. 
We will go further in the details of the same processes, 
offsets, indentations^ or prolongations. The Omaguas are 
found as far west as the Napo; and they preponderate at the 
junction of the Japura. They are said to speak the Yete, 
